Introduction to the Multinational Time Use Study Jonathan Gershuny Centre for Time Use Research Department of Sociology University of Oxford

Introduction to the MTUS –Diary materials –Time budgets –Sequence day graphs –Multidimensional recording –Many countries, many decades –Eg: regime differences.

Measuring daily activity Activity log –Prospective: register each instance Schedule –Retrospective, enter on time-line Diary –Continuous record, sequential account –Either retro (“yesterday diary”) –Or prospective (“tomorrow”), 1 to 7 days

Diary variations Fields: –Main activity, other activities Either pre-coded (“light”) or own words (“heavy”) –Co-presence, beneficiaries, –Location, means of transport –Affects and evaluations Analytic frameworks: –Time budgets—aggregate durations –Event histories, activity sequences

Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) 59 national studies, conducted from the 1960s through present decade, in 23 countries. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA, Yugoslavia. Multi-decade time series in 12 countries.

Multinational Time Use Study N of days Australia (10000) Austria25162 Canada (15000) Denmark (15000) Finland France Germany Italy Neth’land Norway S. Africa14217 Slovenia12273 Sweden UK USA also Belgium, Hungary, Israel, many others N >600,000

Various flavours of MTUS MTUS-lite: 40 aggregate activity categories, 10 harmonised socio-demographic variables MTUS World 5.8: 11 countries, 24 surveys, 69 activities, 52 harmonised socio-demographic vars MTUS World 6 17 surveys 8 countries so far multiple activity sequence data

Unpaid work in 17 countries,

Welfare Regimes and Gender Ideologies (after Esping Andersen 1989) liberal market regimes: –UK, the USA, Canada and Australia –modified breadwinner gender ideology, women both paid work & caring roles social democratic nordic regimes: –Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden –dual earner family model, high employment rate of both women and men conservative/corporatist regimes: –Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria –weak familist gender ideology, men primary breadwinners, women carers southern regime: (later addition to typology) –Spain, Italy and Israel –traditional familist gender ideology, stronger emphasis on women’s family role

Determinants of domestic work time (minutes per day) WomenMen Model Multiple R Year ((yrs before 2004)/10)** ***-3.22*** Nordic*Survey Year 2.8***-0.54*** Corporatist*Survey Year 4.08***0.13ns Liberal*Survey Year 2.15***-0.6*** Southern*Survey Year 2.73***-1.24*** Age 14.12***3.02*** Age squared -0.12***-0.01*** Youngest child aged ***58.86*** Youngest child aged ***7.6*** Nordic ***14.88*** Corporatist (ref) Liberal -8.48***15.5*** Southern 49.87***-35.16*** (Constant) ***30.05*** Kan, Sullivan and Gershuny, Sociology forthcoming 2010

Introduction to the MTUS –Diary materials –Time budgets –Sequence day graphs –Multidimensional recording –Many countries, many decades –Eg: regime differences.