How do young children respond to music in a music class? Penn State University Tzu-Yi Lee 李姿怡 2008 Fall

Purpose overview As a participant in the music class with young children video

Edwin Gordon’s Music Learning Theory “Audiation”, is a term coined by Edwin Gordon (2003a), is most recently defined as, “Hearing and comprehending in one’s mind the sound of music that is not or may not never been physically present ”

The types and stages of preparatory audiation—acculturation, imitation, assimilation (Gordon, 2003b)

Several conclusions were drew that generally upheld the stages of acculturation as theorized by Gordon. (Hicks,1992)

Purpose of study To describe how young children respond to music in music class

Research question What are the responses of young children to music in music class? — What kind of oral responses will they provide? — What kind of non-verbal responses will they provide?

Term Music musical activities include  rhythmic/tonal patterns  chants  song singing  musical recordings

responding to music verbal or non-verbal behaviors that are stimulated by music = participate in musical activities

Literature review children as young as four and five years old were able to portray emotional meaning in music through expressive movement ( Boone & Cunningham, 2001)

The primary result of “Movement as a Musical Response Among Preschool Children” was the generation of a substantive theory of children’s movement responses to music. The author also derived implications of the seven propositions of early children education and movement responses to music. (Metz, 1999)

Young children’s music attitudes and responses do not seem to be based on specific musical characteristics and that children may have very idiosyncratic responses and listening styles.(Sims & Cassidy,1997)

Kindergarten participants’ listening times were consistent with the previous responses of preschool-age children. Additionally, time spent listening bore no relationship to either teacher rating of attention or to age.(Sims & Nolker, 2002)

types of singing play were put into different categories: chanting and intoning, free-flow vocalising, reworkings of known songs, movement vocalising, and vocalising to animate. (Young, 2004)

Plan for Implementation Qualitative Research natural setting with an informal instruction. Besides one instructor and children’s parents, there are also three graduate students participating in the music class.

Who? Children who will enroll in the music class in Music Academy in 2009 Spring ages 2—4 white American boys and girls Participants

Where? Music Academy When? 2009 spring (5 classes from Feb. to March)

How? Data Collection  observation (in person and videotape)  documents(quick notes, journal, lesson plans)  interview (children’s parents, teacher) What ? equipment—Video and audio recorder

THE END……. Thank you for your listening. Questions or Suggestions ?