Action and forces influence nutrition through life cycle (nutrition intervention) Lactation Dr. Dina Qahwaji

The First Food for Newborns  Milk is the first choice, and breast milk is the best choice to feed a newborn. Why?  It protects from disease and infections (  cancer, less allergenic).  It provides best nutrients content.  It improves learning.  It improves the mother’s shape.  It is convenient, economical, and safe Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Healthy People 2010  Objective for breastfeeding: may improve the overall health of infants and reduce US medical costs.   morbidity and mortality  Protection against infections   acute and chronic diseases Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Healthy People 2010  Two goals have been achieved in 6 states and involve breastfeeding duration -50% of infants breastfeeding at 6m and 25% breastfeeding at 12m.

Breastfeeding Promotion  Health professionals report  lack of training and clinical experience in the promotion and support of breastfeeding.  Leading to feelings of discomfort and resulting in mismanagement of lactation issues.  22% of women have continued in breastfeeding until 6m. Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Breastfeeding Promotion  Nutrition professionals have positive attitudes about breastfeeding,  Client-centred issues include prenatal education, continuous support with lactation, and support of cultural traditions so barriers to lactation are minimized. Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Breastfeeding Promotion  Professionals can develop standards for training students and staff to support their understanding of lactation management and involvement in research.  ADA recommends client- and profession- centred programs. Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Herbs and Lactation  Natural doesn’t equal safety.  Most drugs originally from herbs, but unlike drugs, herbs are regulated as dietary supplements.  The FDA doesn’t review and approve ingredients for supplements or the supplements themselves before marketing, causing concern about purity, concentration, and standardization. Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Herbs and Lactation  CNPs alerts women who considering herbs while breastfeeding to benefits against risks.  General guidelines include:  Choose standardized products with standardized ingredients  Avoid diuretics and herbs that reduce milk production  Avoid herbs that harm infants or young children Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Herbs and Lactation  Monitor the infant’s changes in mood, sleeping habits, and/or the number of wet diapers after beginning of herb use  Avoid herbal antihistamines  If the infant has a fever, avoid mint teas. The salicylic acid found in peppermint, wintergreen, and spearmint, if in the breast milk, may lead to Reye’s syndrome Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Herbs and Lactation  Avoid herbs containing steroid-like ingredients, such as, sage  Check for possible drug interactions  Consult a physician or a qualified herbalist before using any herb Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Breastfeeding Promotion  Barrier of breastfeeding  Lack of knowledge  Absence of work policies to support lactating women (Japan)  Type of the society  Health care professional and hospital can provide support by offering encouragement and supplying accurate information on breastfeeding Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Breastfeeding Promotion  Help women overcome the barriers they perceived  Breastfeeding promotion program has great roles through counselling and assistantship  Exploring topic related to breastfeeding  Commercial companies  Strategies to improve the image of the breastfeeding Dr. Dina Qahwaji

Domestic Maternal and Infant Nutrition Program  In 1969, White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health recommended that attention must given to nutritional needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women, infant and preschool children  Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) was authorized in 1972 Dr. Dina Qahwaji

The WIC Program  Serve as an addition to good health care, during important times of growth and development  WIC based on:  Poor nutritional intakes and health behaviour of low-income WIC makes them at risk to adverse health outcomes  Nutrition intervention at important periods of growth and development will prevent health problems and improve the health status Dr. Dina Qahwaji

The WIC Program  Pregnant women and/ or children from birth to age 5 at risk (who are in 185% of poverty or less)  Main services of the program  Food packages or voucher to purchase specific food including infant cereal, eggs, milk and tuna fish  Nutrition education including counselling and group nutrition class  Referral to health care services including breastfeeding support, immunization, and prenatal care Dr. Dina Qahwaji

WIC Farmer’s Market  Seasonal Program for WIC participants  Vouchers provided for locally grown foods at farmer’s market  The program help low-income family increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables Dr. Dina Qahwaji

WHO Nutrition Programs 1.Growth Assessment and observation  Involves the development, testing and global introduction of the WHO Child Growth Standard  Works with Member States and partners  Data will be used as primary indicators  Later stages involved comprehensive analysis of the data for the construction of growth curves, testing, and field achievement Dr. Dina Qahwaji

 Next step involves plans for the development of adolescence and adult growth standards and related data collection providing a complete picture of global growth and malnutrition.  The logical next step is to plan and develop a comprehensive observation strategy for the Department. Dr. Dina Qahwaji

WHO Nutrition Programs 2.Country Focused Nutrition Policies and Programs  NHD develops standards and provide guidance and support to regions and countries in developing their Food and Nutrition Policies and Programmes to address the double load of nutritional diseases through the life course.  Working with the Regional Advisers, projects and plans focus on the goals and objectives of the Country Cooperation Strategies (CCS). Dr. Dina Qahwaji

 Major goals include:  The development of a WHO project Fetal Development in close collaboration with other relevant WHO departments.  The completion of the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding that includes the promotion of breastfeeding and enough feeding Dr. Dina Qahwaji