D EVELOPMENTAL P SYCHOLOGY Chapter 1-A Developmental Perspective “From the womb to the tomb”

D EVELOPMENTAL P SYCHOLOGY Developmental Psychology _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes during the life span What are some of the changes that occur over our lives?? How have you changed?

L IFE C HANGES

P ERIODS OF D EVELOPMENT Prenatal Period _________________________________________________ ____________ Infancy Includes the developmental period from birth to about age 2 Childhood Early- preschool years ages 3 through 5 Middle- ________________________ Adolescence Early- ages 12 through14 Middle- ages 15 through 19

P ERIODS OF D EVELOPMENT Adulthood Early- 20’s and 30’s Issues include achieving intimacy, career choices, marriage, and potential parenthood. Middle-40’s and 50’s Issues include launching children, changing physical performance, increased freedom, and increased career success Late-60’s and Over Issues include _______________________________________________________

P ERSPECTIVES ON D EVELOPMENT Development is Multidimensional Social Emotional Cognitive Physical Development is Continuous Both Heredity and Environment influences development _________vs_____________ Development is Cumulative Development is Variable Development Reflects Gender Differences

P ERSPECTIVES ON D EVELOPMENT Research Methods Research Methods Videos 1 Research Methods Research Methods Video 2 Research Methods Research Methods Video 3

D ATA C OLLECTION M ETHODS  Psychologists collect data on development using interviews, case studies, surveys, standardized testing and naturalistic observation  Lets take a minute and look at some surveys and how to collect important data.  Class Polls

D ESCRIPTION  _______________  technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people  usually by questioning a representative, random sample of people  (+) inexpensive / reach many people / specific  (-) sampling errors / over and under reporting

D ESCRIPTION _________________  observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principals  close examination of published material

D ESCRIPTION  Population  All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study  ______________________  A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion  Representative Sample  A sample which accurately represents a population based on statistics and percentages.

D ESCRIPTION  _______________________  observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

E XPERIMENTATION  Experiment  an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable)  by random assignment of participants the experiment controls other relevant factors

E XPERIMENTATION  ______________ Procedure  both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo  commonly used in drug-evaluation studies  _______________  an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent

E XPERIMENTATION  Experimental Condition  the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable  Control Condition  the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental treatment  serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

E XPERIMENTATION  __________________________  assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance  minimizes pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different groups

E XPERIMENTATION  _____________ Variable  the experimental factor that is manipulated  the variable whose effect is being studied  _____________ Variable  the experimental factor that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable  in psychology it is usually a behavior or mental process

E XPERIMENTATION