Enhancing Human Security In Africa: Local, national and international Institutions, Instruments, and Processes Kwalar Vera Muring Development Consultant

Local Institutions, Instruments, and Processes

INSTITUTIONS Local inter-religious and inter-community committees and councils Local ‘constitutions’ Local militias, neighborhood watches and community police Local courts

INSTRUMENTS Intercommunal dialogue ◦ Peacebuilding in Burundi (Ijambo Radio, Woemn Peace Centers) Intercommunal pacts ◦ Non-agression and mutual protection pacts in the Mano River Basin (Liberia, Serra Leone, Guinea, Cote Ivoire) Traditional rituals and oathing ceremonies Security operations

PROCESSES Joint social activities: ◦ Football matches, music and thearter concerts ◦ Masanga and Medina booboo challenges in Tonkolili District Sierra Leone Neighborhood watch The Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention (OCVP) in Somalia works with grassroots organisations to strengthen their initiatives in the community to enhance their safety and security Non-organized activism - Intercommunal jokes

National Instruments, Institutions and Processes

Contribution to peace and security as main goal of many national systems ◦ Prevention  Risk analysis, early warning and response ◦ Peace-building ◦ Peace enforcement

Institutions Political institutions ◦ Parliament, parties, inter-party dialogues Armed and security services ◦ Military, police, intelligence agencies, prisons Confessional institutions ◦ Places of worship, interfaith dialogues, religious associations Non-confessional institutions ◦ NGO, civil society associations, artists associations, etc

Institutions Technical institutions ◦ Judiciary, electoral commissions, anti-corruption and human rights commissions Regulatory institutions ◦ Narcotics control boards, food and drugs boards, environmental protection agencies, media commissions, forestry commissions, etc The media

Instruments Constitution and laws Inter-group dialogues and joint declarations Joint social activities Inter-group pacts Peace and reconciliation commissions

Processes Elections Security operations Peace talks and inter-communal dialogues Peace concerts and other forms of activism Judicial processes Decentralization Affirmative action

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, INSTRUMENTS AND PROCESSES

Institutions: Intergovernmental Sub-regional ◦ ECOWAS: The Economic Community Of West African States ◦ EAC: The East African Community (EAC) ◦ ECCAS: Economic Community of Central African States, ◦ SADC: Southern African Development Community ◦ COMESA: The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ◦ CEN-SAD: Community of Sahel-Saharan States ◦ IGAD, Intergovernmental Authority on Development Regional institutions ◦ AU: African Union ◦ EU: European Union ◦ ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations ◦ OAS: Organization of American States

Institutions: Intergovernmental Cont. Global ◦ UN, ◦ WTO,

Institutions: non-governmental Confessional associations and networks Non-confessional associations and networks Domains of work (Human Security) ◦ Human rights ◦ Humanitarian assistance ◦ Gender empowerment

Instruments: intergovernmental International legislatures and conferences Treaties and accords International courts ◦ African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights ◦ International Criminal Court Intervention ◦ R2P : Responsibility to Protect ◦ Standby forces ◦ Peace ambassadors

Instruments: non-governmental Advocacy ◦ Peace movements (aid concerts, petitions) ◦ Friendly fundraising and awareness raising matches ◦ Press releases

PROCESSES Talks, negotiations and accompaniment ◦ Sudan and South Sudan Peace keeping and enforcement ◦ AMISOM: The African Union Mission in Somalia ◦ AMIS: African Union Mission in Sudan Judicial processes ◦ ICC cases Advocacy: governmental and non- governmental

The African Peace & Security Architecture (APSA) Structured in 5 pillars as: -The Peace and Security Council (PSC) -Panel of the Wise -Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) -Africa Standby Force (ASF) -The Peace Fund

Plenary Group Work In what ways can artists begin to think of themselves as Peacebuilders in the face of the human security challenges / available instruments and processes we’ve just uncovered?