Alberta Nunavut British Colombia Ontario Manitoba Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Quebec Newfoundland & Labrador Saskatchewan Northwest Territories Yukon Territory Nova Scotia C F M L H G E I B A J K D

History of the United States  The U.S. is the world’s third largest country in both land area and population.  The U.S. is rich in natural resources and is fortunate to have a moderate climate, fertile soil, and plentiful water supplies.

Many Peoples Settle the Land  Nomads- the first inhabitants of North America who came from Asia at least 13, 000 or more years ago.  The nomads crossed the Bering land bridge known as Beringia.

The 15 th century  The native people were undisturbed until the 15 th century when the Europeans began to explore what they referred to as the “New World.”  The Spanish arrived first. Spanish came for gold and other treasure.  In 1565, they founded St. Augustine, Florida. St. Augustine is the oldest permanent European settlement in the U.S.  The French and British came later.

The French and British Arrive…  In the early 1600s, The French settled along the northern Atlantic Coast and the St. Lawrence River in what is now Canada.  The French were interested in fisheries and the fur trade.

The British Colonies The English made their first permanent settlement in Jamestown, Virginia in The British settled from Maine to Georgia, along rivers and bays on the Atlantic Coast. Why did the colonists want to come to the new world?

States are small because this was the area first settled by Europeans; travel would have been more difficult back then! This made early trade easier (no cars, trains, etc.) What is this area’s nickname?

Megalopolises (extensive metropolitan areas) were 1 st seen here  “BosWash” –Stretches through 500 miles of highly urbanized areas from Boston to Washington D.C.

The Columbian Exchange  In 1617, the Europeans brought Africans to America to work as slave laborers on cotton and tobacco plantations in the South.  Which theme of geography is this an example of?

Louisiana Purchase  In 1803, the United States nearly doubled in size when the government purchased the vast plains region between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains from France.  What was this called?  Many colonists moved to rich farmlands for opportunities with land  Louis and Clark explore the land from

Westward Movement  In the second half of the 19 th century, millions of Americans were on the move.  What is migration?  migration- movement of peoples within the United States.  1840s- Wagon Trains began moving pioneers to the west.  The 1 st transcontinental railroad across the U.S. was completed in 1869 helping many people settle the West.

Industrialization and Urbanization  14 million immigrants came from 1860 to million immigrants came from 1860 to  Many immigrants settled in urban areas undergoing industrialization.

 Cities such as New York, Boston, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago expanded rapidly.  Immigrants and Americans from rural areas came to cities such as these to work in textile, steel, oil, food processing, and other industries.  The U.S. was being transformed from a rural, agricultural nation to an urban, industrialized one.

Government of the United States  U.S. political system was created by the U.S. Constitution in  The U.S. has a representative democracy, where people rule through elected representatives.  The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

United States –Representative Democracy Executive Branch (enforces the laws) –President –V.P. –Cabinets –Departments & agencies

Legislative (makes the laws) –Congress House of Representatives Senate Capitol Building!! Ceiling of Capitol Building!!

Judicial (interprets the laws) –Supreme court Federal courts State and local courts Supreme Court Justice Building

Canada – Constitutional Monarchy: As per the Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982, Canada is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the role of the reigning sovereign is both legal and practical, but not political Executive –British monarch – Queen Elizabeth II –Governor General – David Llyod Johnston –Prime Minister – Stephen Harper –Cabinet –Department & agencies

Legislative –Parliament House of Commons Senate Canadian Parliament!!

Judicial –Supreme court Federal courts Provincial courts

The Cold War Two conflicting economic systems, capitalism and communism, competed for influence and power after World War II. The superpowers in this struggle were the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States and the Soviet Union used military, economic, and humanitarian aid to extend their control over other countries. Each also tried to prevent the other superpower from gaining influence.

Think- pair-share

Recreate the map on your handout and fill in the graphic organizer THE UNITED STATES GOALS 1.Encourage democracy in other countries to help prevent the rise of Communist governments 2.Gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming industries 3.Rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new markets for U.S. goods 4.Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase the security of Europe SOVIET UNION’S GOALS 1.Encourage communism in other countries as part of a worldwide workers’ revolution 2.Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials 3.Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders and balance the U.S. influence in Western Europe Keep Germany divided to prevent it from waging war again.