Unit 7 Injury Management Objective 3: Recognize abdominal injuries, bleeding, and shock Objective 5: Describe the treatment for medical conditions Objective 6: Recognize and provide treatment for environmental conditions

Soft Tissue Injury Treatment Clean area with soap and water Apply antibiotic cream Apply sterile bandage Watch for infection

BLEEDING Arterial Bleeding Bright red and spurts Hard to stop and life-threatening Venous Bleeding Dark red and steady flow Easier to control Capillary Bleeding Slow and steady Greater chance of infection 10% loss of blood volume may be critical

Controlling External Bleeding Apply direct pressure with sterile dressing Cover with a roller bandage Bleeding does not stop Additional dressing Minimize shock Call 911

Internal Bleeding What do you do? CALL 911 Immediately!! DO not give anything to eat or drink Life threatening - Death will be the outcome without QUICK advanced medical care!

Internal Bleeding Signs and Symptoms Tender, swollen, hard areas Rapid, weak pulse Skin cool, pale, moist Vomit blood Excessive thirst Confusion LOC

SHOCK Life-threatening condition when there is not enough blood being delivered to vital organs SIGNALS: Restless or altered level of consciousness Rapid breathing or pulse Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin Thirsty

Treatment for SHOCK Call 911 and monitor ABC’s and vital signs, treat conditions Elevate legs 12 inches Keep person comfortable DO NOT give person anything to eat or drink

Abdominal Injuries Ruptured Spleen Located ULQ Caused by blow to abdomen S/S = rigid abdomen, nausea, vomiting and possible signs of shock Khers sign Left shoulder and arm pain Can cause profuse hemorrhaging and death

Abdominal Injuries Appendicitis Located RLQ Caused by bacterial infection from an obstruction Mild to severe cramping, nausea, vomiting and low fever, RLQ pain Surgery required

Abdominal Injuries HERNIA Protrusion of abdominal viscera through abdominal wall Common in groin- inguinal hernia Superficial protrusion may be observed, pain is increased by sudden movements, coughing or sneezing Surgery required

SPLINTING Only if the person must be moved In the position you find it Joints above and below must be immobile - SNUG Check circulation before and after (warmth, color) Only if you can do without causing more pain

Head, Neck and Back Injuries Biggest Concern? Paralysis if moved Signal of One? Change in conscious Numbness or tingling or loss of movement Complain pain or point tenderness on cervical spine Care for? MINIMIZE MOVEMENT Provide in-line stabilization

What if athlete is wearing a helmet? Do not remove IF need to gain access to airway use appropriate equipment to minimize movement of spine

Care for Medical Conditions Seizure Protect from injury Do not put anything in mouth Do not hold down Faints Lay down & elevate legs

Care for Medical Conditions Diabetic (Too much or little sugar in person’s blood) Give sugar if conscious Asthma Help administer inhaler

Heat Illnesses Normally progress in severity Heat cramps Heat exhaustion Heat Stroke Caused by combination of strenuous activity and hot/humid weather Fluid imbalances

Heat Cramps Result from fluid volume problem Can be prevented by drinking water before and throughout activity Stretch the affected muscle slowley

Heat Illnesses Heat exhaustion Heat stroke Profuse sweating Pale skin Nausea Dizzy Headache Altered LOC Heat stroke Red, flushed dry skin, irritable, aggressive Headache Dizzy, weak Sweat mechanism shut off Most serious heat condition- call 911

Treatment of Heat Illnesses Move victim to cool place Give cool water - small amounts if conscious Immerse in cold water or use ice towels Fan, sponge off Loosen clothing Victim not improve or won’t drink= call 911

Cold-Related Illnesses Frostbite Lack of feeling Skin appears white & waxy Skin cold to touch Hypothermia Shivering Numbness Glassy Stare Decrease LOC Weakness Impaired Judgement

Treatment for Cold related illnesses Gently& SLOWLY warm victim Warm too quickly can a cause heart arrhythmias Check ABC’s Remove wet clothing and cover with blankets Handle carefully Frostbite Soak in warm water Cover - DO NOT RUB