Phrase or Clause? through the ominous woods Quick check… Answer: phrase

Phrase or Clause? When I said yes Answer: clause

Phrase or Clause? Since I was not alone Answer: clause

Phrase or Clause? Reading the hidden messages in the cool nigh air Answer: phrase

“You hear and use them all the time; now let’s recognize them!” The Phrase… We’ll Start with 3 Overall Kinds: Verbal (3) Appositive Prepositional (2)

Definition of a Phrase Definition of a Phrase: A group of words that does NOT have a subject and a verb, and acts as 1 part of speech. In other words…. NOT a complete sentence, but part of a sentence!

The Prepositional Phrase! You know this one already! You know your prepositions so this should be easy!!! “Anywhere a mouse can go!” Remember your song! Don’t forget the Preposition Box! The Prepositional Phrase Consists of These Things: 1.A Preposition 2.An object (N or Prn) 3.Any modifiers of that object There are 2 kinds of these! Petey the Preposition Mouse!

For Example… He wasriding (on his skateboard). 1. He was riding (on his skateboard). 2. I am a huge fan (of Twilight). 3. My dad enjoys hunting (in the woods). **Hint… find the preposition and go until you see the first noun and stop….that’s your Prepositional Phrase! 1.We were eating chicken wings at BW3’s. 2.I watched ESPN on television last night. 3.He rode his dirt bike through the mud. Find the Prep. Phrase in the following sentences. Find the Prep. Phrases in the following sentences along with the object of the preposition.

So…the definition of an Adj. Phrase is: a prep. phrase that describes a N or Prn. “You know what an adjective is right?” “Yes, it describes a noun or pronoun! “There Are 2 Types of Prepositional Phrases.” Let’s start with the Adjective Phrase…what is it? Example: Sarah is the one (with the pink dress). The phrase is describing which one, (a Noun) Adjective Phrase & Adverb Phrase

Now…the Adverb Phrase (Another Prepositional Phrase) “Don’t hide! It’s just as easy since you know what an adverb is right?” An Adverb describes: V, Adj., Adv. So…the definition of an Adverb Phrase is: A Prepositional Phrase that describes a Verb, Adjective, or Adverb! Example: We must finish our project (before the holidays). “before the holidays” is describing when to finish (a verb) so it has to be an adverb phrase. And… “before” is a preposition & this is a type of prep. phrase!

The End… for Day 1!!!

Be Creative!!!

Take 2!!!

VERBAL PHRASES… There are 3 kinds 1.Gerund Phrase 2.Infinitive Phrase 3.Participial Phrase “Ok, but what does Verbal mean?” **Verbal: a word that is formed from a Verb, but is used as a N, Adj., or Adv.** Example: Smiling child Smiling is formed from the verb smile, but is acting as an Adj. describing child. It’s like a verb in disguise! “I’m not a verb!” So…A verbal Phrase: has a form of a verb that acts as another POS

GERUND PHRASE GERUND PHRASE… gerund “Wait…what’s a gerund?” gerund A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun! For exampleSkiing For example: (Skiing down that slope) was fun. Gerund Phrase has: So, a Gerund Phrase has: - a gerund -a modifier -& the entire phrase is used as a noun

ExampleListening to Scream-O music at high volume) Example: (Listening to Scream-O music at high volume) may cause you to lose your hearing later in life! *As you can see, “Listening to Scream-O music at high volume” is the gerund phrase. Listening being the gerund. Listening to Scream- O music at high volume Listening to Scream- O music at high volume (the gerund phrase) is acting as the Noun in this sentence… Ask yourself…What may cause you to lose your hearing later in life? The answer is the Noun, which is the gerund phrase!

What do you think? NO is correct!!! A gerund phrase can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence. Look! EXAMPLE: Texting at school can get you in trouble. Q: What is the gerund phrase? A: Texting at school…(at the beginning of the sentence.) = Ok, do gerund phrases always have to come at the beginning of the sentence?

Examples Continued… Q: What is the gerund phrase? A: Playing video games on Xbox…(at the end of the sentence.) Playing video games on Xbox is acting as 1 Noun Our favorite thing to do this weekend will be playing video games on Xbox.

INFINITIVE PHRASE INFINITIVE PHRASE… A verb form that can be used as a Noun, an Adj., or an Adv. *Most infinitives begin with “to”. Example: The crowd grew quiet to hear the movie Stepbrothers What word is the infinitive phrase describing? grew… Making the infinitive phrase act as what part of speech? An Adverb!

Let’s Try Some… 1. Hearing Beyonce’s new song is one way to change your mood. Tell me the infinitive phrase in each sentence. Tell me if it is used as an N, Adj, or Adv. Inf. Phrase: to change your moodPOS: Adjective, describing way 2. We used the new DVD player to watch Stepbrothers. Inf. Phrase: to watch StepbrothersPOS: Adverb, describing used 3. I learned to laugh and make jokes from Will Ferrell. Inf. Phrase: to laugh and make jokes POS: Noun, because “to laugh and make jokes” is the DO of the verb learned, making that object a Noun. **Remember…Infinitive starts with “to”!!! To!

The Participial Phrase What the heck does participial mean? Participial is derived from participle and a participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. Here are some examples Here are some examples: Present participles end in –ing:The smiling child waved. Smiling, a form of the verb smile, is describing the noun child, making it (smiling) an adjective. “Isn’t that some kind of a mammal?” “No! That’s a marsupial!!! Examples Continued on next page Def: Verb acting as an Adj.

*Most past participles end in –d or –ed. Some are irregularly formed. Participle Examples Continued… Examples: 1. The police officers searched the abandoned warehouse. **Abandoned is a form of the verb abandon and modifies/describes warehouse so it is an adjective. 2. This plate, bought at a flea market, is a valuable antique. **Bought, a form of the verb buy, describes the noun plate, so bought is an adjective here.

Ok, so those are participles, but what is a participial phrase? “Well, a phrase is a group of words, so a Participial Phrase must consist of a participle and anything describing it!” 1. Noted for its convenience, FaceBook is used by millions of people. Let’s Practice Tell the participial phrase and the word/s it modifies Let’s Practice … Tell the participial phrase and the word/s it modifies. Part. Phrase Part. Phrase:Noted for its convenience Word it Modifies Word it Modifies: IPhones are wonderful inventions used by people everywhere 2. IPhones are wonderful inventions used by people everywhere. Part. Phrase Part. Phrase:used by people everywhere Word it Modifies Word it Modifies:IPhones FaceBook

Q:What is a gerund phrase? A: Group of words that has a verb form ending in –ing in it w/ other modifiers & acts as a noun. Q: What is an infinitive phrase? A. Group of words that has a verb form that can act as another part of speech; ** usually starts with “to”.

Q: What is an participial phrase? A: A group of words that has a participle and any other modifiers; **the whole phrase acts as an adjective.

Last Practice Before You’re a Pro!!! Identify the phrase in each sentence and then tell what type it is. 1. Some people like listening to hip hop music. Phrase: Listening to hip hop music Type: Gerund 2. American Idol, playing on the TV, looked like a good episode. Phrase: playing on the TV Type:Participial Why? Because ‘playing on the TV’ describes American Idol, making the verb form playing an adjective.

3. Some believe that Ferdinand Magellan was taken away by zombies. Continued Practice… Phrase: by zombies Type: Prepositional Phrase: Adverb Phrase, describing how he was taken

Last One!!!!! In the United States, citizens have the right to speak their minds. 4. In the United States, citizens have the right to speak their minds. Phrase: to speak their minds Type: Infinitive Phrase Why? It starts with “to” and it describes “right”, making the verb form “speak” an adjective. Phrase #2: In the United States Type?: Prepositional Phrase

The End for Day 2!!!

Be Creative!!!

Take 3!!!

The Appositive Phrase Definition of Appositive:A Noun or Pronoun placed beside another Noun or Pronoun to describe it. Example: I chose 1 person, the girl in the pink, to pass out the papers. Definition of Appositive Phrase: Has an appositive and any modifiers. (A group of words with an appositive) Reasoning:“the girl in the pink” is describing person and is placed directly beside that Noun. Noun beside a Noun!

WEAREDONE! THE END Now I know all phrases! “Don’t be a dead fish! That was fun right?!?!?!”

Time for a quick check with parts of speech! There’s a Test Tomorrow!

POS: Pronoun My pet rock is named Totoro. Type of Pronoun: Personal

My iPhone, which may be cracked, still works. POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Relative

I, myself, spend 90% of my time on Tumblr. POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Intensive

POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Indefinite Does anyone have a bike?

I love to listen to popular music. POS: Adjective

I totally don’t care about that at all! POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Demonstrative

I love to listen to Lil Wayne music one way only, loudly! POS: Adverb

I have an orange! POS: Adjective Type of Adjective: Indefinite Article

I want the iguana and a matching hat. POS: Adjective Type of Adjective: Article A=Indefinite Article, The=Definite Article

The iguana would actually look cute in the hat. POS: Preposition

My homework is complicated. POS: Adjective

Friendship is magic. POS: Noun Type of Noun: Common, Abstract, Compound

I looked around for concert tickets, but couldn’t find any! POS: Adverb

POS: Conjunction Type of Conj: Coordinating (FANBOY) The football team did great, for they absolutely crushed the opponents!

My parents think of themselves as my wardens. POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Reflexive

When my parents try to be cool, they’re still not. POS: Conjunction Type of Conj: Subordinating

POS: Interjection Wow, those cookies look scrumptious!

It is fun to have friends that have the same interests as you. POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Relative

I am an American citizen. POS: Adjective Type of Adjective: Proper

That dog is the cutest thing I’ve ever seen!! POS: Adjective

Everyone should show school spirit at the pep rally. POS: Preposition

The End! Test Tomorrow! Study!

Ok, let’s switch to a review of phrases! o/cahsee-ela-41-writing- sentence-structure

Q: What 2 main things does a prepositional phrase have? A: Preposition Object

Q: What 2 characteristics does an infinitive phrase have? A: Starts with to Has a verbal

Q: Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional Phrase… (To the dark mausoleum) A: Prepositional Phrase Q: Why? A: Because it has a preposition and an object, and no verbal

Q: Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional Phrase… (To infinity) A: Prepositional Phrase Q: Why? A: Because it has a preposition and an object, and no verbal

Q: Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional Phrase… (To see the mysterious object) A: Infinitive Phrase Q: Why? A: Because it starts with “to” and contains a verbal “see”.

Q: Gerund Phrase or Participial Phrase… (Seeing my shadow on the foggy path) made me weary to proceed through the rusted gate. A: Gerund Phrase Q: Why? A: Because the phrase is acting as the subject of the sentence, which makes it a noun, and it ends in “ing”

Q: Gerund Phrase or Participial Phrase… (Seeing my shadow on the foggy path) I decided to turn around and head for home. A: Participial Phrase Q: Why? A: Because the verbal “Seeing” is acting as an adjective describing “I”.

Q: What is the difference between a verb and a verbal? A: A verb expresses action or a state of being A verbal looks like a verb, but is another part of speech: N, Adj, or Adv

Q: Is the underlined word a verb or verbal? A: Acting like a fool in English class is not appreciated by Willy Shakes. Q: Why? A: Because “acting” is not expressing action. It is functioning as a noun Q: What specific kind of verbal is it and why? A: Gerund because it ends in “ing” and is acting as a noun

Be Creative!!!