Industrialization Spreads Section 3 Britain-Favorable location, geography, financial systems, political stability, natural resourcesBritain-Favorable location, geography, financial systems, political stability, natural resources Spreads to other countries-USASpreads to other countries-USA USA-Water, land, people, resources-coal, iron ore- also Blockade- War of 1812-became self- sufficientUSA-Water, land, people, resources-coal, iron ore- also Blockade- War of 1812-became self- sufficient Britain- Forbid engineers, toolmakers, mechanics to emmigrateBritain- Forbid engineers, toolmakers, mechanics to emmigrate

Industrialization United States Samuel SlaterSamuel Slater 1789-Built spinning machine-thread1789-Built spinning machine-thread Moses Brown- 1 st Factory-PawtucketMoses Brown- 1 st Factory-Pawtucket Rhode Island

Lowell Massachusetts Factory Town-Factory Town- women lived away from home, the factories built dormitories and factory-towns for the women. These factories also had all parts of production included in one building. This is called the “Lowell System.”women lived away from home, the factories built dormitories and factory-towns for the women. These factories also had all parts of production included in one building. This is called the “Lowell System.”

Industrialization- U.S. Mostly in New England-but after the Civil War ( ) spreads to rest of countryMostly in New England-but after the Civil War ( ) spreads to rest of country Growth- resources, swelling urban population (immigration), new technologies-light bulb, telephoneGrowth- resources, swelling urban population (immigration), new technologies-light bulb, telephone Growth of Railroads (transportation- Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Louis)Growth of Railroads (transportation- Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Louis)

Big Business Need for large amounts of $- railroads, steel, oilNeed for large amounts of $- railroads, steel, oil Start of the Corporation-owned by stockholders share profits but not responsible for its debts.Start of the Corporation-owned by stockholders share profits but not responsible for its debts. JD Rockefeller-Standard Oil, Andrew Carnegie- Carnegie SteelJD Rockefeller-Standard Oil, Andrew Carnegie- Carnegie Steel

Industrialization-Europe Between Napoleonic Wars interrupted industrialization in EuropeBetween Napoleonic Wars interrupted industrialization in Europe Belgium- William Cockerill & sonBelgium- William Cockerill & son Germany-railroads and steel industries-quickly develops-copied BritishGermany-railroads and steel industries-quickly develops-copied British Some countries limited by lack of resources and natural barriers, social problemsSome countries limited by lack of resources and natural barriers, social problems

Worldwide impact Rise of Global Inequality-Industrialized vs. non-industrializedRise of Global Inequality-Industrialized vs. non-industrialized Industrialized countries see non- industrialized countries as a source of raw materials and market for products- Imperialism-extending power over another countryIndustrialized countries see non- industrialized countries as a source of raw materials and market for products- Imperialism-extending power over another country Transformation of society- increase in population, urbanization, life expectancy, wealth- not all equally sharedTransformation of society- increase in population, urbanization, life expectancy, wealth- not all equally shared

Share in World Manufacturing Output:

Adam Smith “Laissez faire”-”let do”-“Laissez faire”-”let do”- Government should stay out of the economy Adam Smith -Wealth of Nations- economic liberty= economic progress, “Invisible hand of self-interest” Capitalism-economic system private ownership and profit motive

The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists × People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals. × Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few. × Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

Karl Marx In a higher phase of communist society... only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be fully left behind and society inscribe on its banners: from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.In a higher phase of communist society... only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be fully left behind and society inscribe on its banners: from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.

Communism The theory of Communism may be summed up in one sentence: Abolish all private property.The theory of Communism may be summed up in one sentence: Abolish all private property. The worker of the world has nothing to lose, but their chains, workers of the world unite.The worker of the world has nothing to lose, but their chains, workers of the world unite.

Labor Unions Collective Bargaining- negotiation between workers and their employersCollective Bargaining- negotiation between workers and their employers Reform Laws- Child labor/womenReform Laws- Child labor/women Abolitionism/Women’s Rights, EducationAbolitionism/Women’s Rights, Education

Other Reform Movements Abolition of SlaveryAbolition of Slavery England Moral & Economic threatEngland Moral & Economic threat Women’s Rights- Jane Addams- Hull House, Suffrage MovementWomen’s Rights- Jane Addams- Hull House, Suffrage Movement Education- Free public- Horace MannEducation- Free public- Horace Mann