AP World History AUGUST 26, 2015

Warm Up – August 26, 2015 The silk roads were especially instrumental in the spread of ◦Polytheism ◦Confucianism ◦Daoism ◦Buddhism ◦Judaism

Agenda ◦Warm Up ◦Huang He/Chinese River Valley ◦Chapter 3 Guided Reading ◦Debate Exit Ticket Don’t forget! ◦Reading – Chapter 3 (Reading Guide due Friday, August 28 th )

Essential Question How do the ways people think influence their culture?

Chinese River Valley

China

China began along the Yellow (Huang He) & Yangtze Rivers in the North China Plain; Only 10% of China is suitable for farming The Yellow River flooding was unpredictable & was called “China’s Sorrow” because its floods often destroyed entire villages

China was protected & isolated from outsiders by deserts & the Himalayan Mountains The Chinese referred to themselves as the “Middle Kingdom” & rarely traded with outsiders

Lasting Contributions ■ Advanced Cities: – Like other river valley civilizations, cities in China had high walls for protection – But, Chinese buildings were made of wood rather than brick or stone

Lasting Contributions Specialized Workers: ◦? Unlike other river valley civilizations, the Chinese held peasants higher than artisans or merchants because they produced food

Lasting Contributions Government: ◦Like Egypt, China was ruled by families called dynasties ◦Ruler’s justified their power by claiming Mandate of Heaven (approval of the gods)

Lasting Contributions Government: ◦Kings could lose the Mandate of Heaven & be overthrown by a new king, called the Dynastic Cycle

Lasting Contributions ■ Government: – China was also ruled by the ethical system, Confucianism – Confucianism focused on filial piety (respect for elders) – Confucius taught social order through 5 key relationships: 1) ruler-subject 2) father-son 3) husband-wife 4) brother- brother & 5) friend-friend – These ideas were written down in The Analects

Confucian Analects Confucius says: Do not do unto others, what you would not want others to do to you Confucius says: If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is called a mistake Confucius says: He who rules through virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it

Confucius would tell rulers to “Lead by example”

Yin and Yang Daoism – people gain happiness & peace by living in agreement with the way of nature. True harmony comes from balance. Yin = shaded, Yang = sunlit. Good v. Bad Beauty v. Ugliness Pleasure v. Pain

Laozi says... “Governing a large country is like frying a small fish. You spoil it with too much poking.” or “Be weak. Let things alone.”

Legalism Philosophy advocating the need for clear and strict laws as necessary to control human nature

Legalism in Action Civil servants – punished for doing a poor job. People caught criticizing the govt. should be banished. For example... Anyone caught outside his own village without a travel permit should have their ears or nose chopped off.

Set clear laws and harshly punish those who disobey them.”

Lasting Contributions Religion: ◦Chinese believed in ancestor worship, that the spirits of family ancestors should be honored & consulted

Lasting Contributions Writing: ◦Chinese characters stood for words but the 10,000 characters made it hard to learn to write

Lasting Contributions Technology: ◦Cast iron tools & weapons ◦Standardized coins ◦The Grand Canal connected north & south China

The Great Wall was built to protect China from invasions from the North

1,10,10

Classical Civilization China

Zhou dynasty Revolt so fierce that the blood in the streets of the capital was deep enough to float blocks of wood.

Zhou Mandate of Heaven Mandate of heaven ◦Government receives it right to govern by heaven approval. ◦The responsibility of people to overthrow governments when ruler loses the approval of the Gods. ◦Governments lose approval if they are unjust and ineffective.

Zhou dynasty: B.C. (Pronounced like “Joe”) Zhou acquired most of the Shang Culture and Technology Last Shang King was said to be a physical giant and monster of depravity, among his cruelties was that he made drinking cups of the skulls of his vanquished enemies. Slaves and Zhou vassals revolted against Shang cruelties. (1050 B.C.)

Zhou Economic Growth Iron tools like axes and ox drawn iron plows replaced wooden farm tools. ◦Made farming better because farmers could produce more food. First time coin money began to be used. ◦Made trade better because a merchant could carry money a lot easier then a herd of cows.

Zhou Political System Political system like feudal Europe ◦Serfdom and Hereditary Lords ◦Land is endowed for oaths of military service. ◦Local Lords were culturally and linguistically different.

Zhou Destruction 771 BCE, Wei Valley capital of Zhou is sacked ◦Vassals become rival states. ◦Qui in the west ◦Jin in the north ◦Yan to north east ◦Chu to the south ◦Qi to east ◦No dominant Chinese culture or National identity

Class Divisions A Sharp class division existed between the landowning aristocracy, educated bureaucrats and laboring masses.

Warring States B.C.E

Chaos and War War becomes larger in scale and more ruthless Stronger states conquered and absorbed weaker ones. In response to crisis schools of thought were introduced ◦Confucianism ◦Daoism ◦Legalism

Qin Dynasty: B.C. Qin with legalism as its ideology succeeded in ending the Warring states era. Qin defeated all its rivals to unite China King of Qin took the title of Qin Shi Huangdi or first Emperor.

Qin Economics Qin laid the basis for an enduring imperial order. Created unified Administrative system ◦Standardized ◦Weight & measures system ◦Cart axle width ◦Coinage ◦Writing

Qin, Construction Standardize people’s thoughts ◦Buried hundreds of scholars alive ◦Burned books and scholars to eliminate unorthodox ideas. Imposed Taxes. Massive Terracotta tomb.

Qin,Great Wall Great wall of China ◦Protected north steppe border ◦Reportedly 1 million died in the building of the wall

Han Dynasty 202 B.C to 220 A.D Traded with Rome and Indian Empires. Accepted Confucianism and the Han Dynasty was less cruel.

Han, Sciences History records begin to be kept. ◦History of the elite. Math, Science, Geography, and Astronomy. ◦Magnetic Compass. ◦Paper from wood pulp. ◦5 th century wood block printing.

Han, Medicine Acupuncture. Figured out the function of internal organs. Figured out the circulation of blood. Metallic and Ceramic luxury items.

Han, Art Silk manufacturing. Bronze, Jade, and Ceramics used for art. Poetry. Landscape art. Instrumental music.

Han, Economics Canals Built. Road System. Iron. ◦Plows, Horse harnesses increase horse power. Fertilizer. ◦Animal wastes.

Han, Government Functioned through complex Bureaucracy. Confucius Ideas. Tests to be in Bureaucracy. ◦Took the best regardless of social class.

Han, Foreign Affairs Groups were assimilated by China. Developed trade contacts with India. ◦Trade Commission sent to Rome. ◦Nothing of interest in Rome. Diffusion of Buddhism.

Han, Problems Peasant Rebellions. Disloyal Bureaucracy. Over Taxation. Warlords gained more power.

Chapter 3 Guided Reading

Ticket out the door You are one of the four original river valley civilizations. You must convince someone from the other civilization to live in yours. Support your opinion with at least 2 facts.