Chapter 24 / Section I: Pages The Spread of Western Imperialism This section is about: How the changing economic conditions brought about by the Industrial Revolution motivated imperialism and the seeking of colonies by governments of Western Europe. Where imperialism spread and how western European nations justified establishing colonies in those areas.

Start by looking on pages Let ’ s start with going over what “ imperialism ” means. Let ’ s start with going over what “ imperialism ” means. This Chapter has 4 sections (on page 558). This Chapter has 4 sections (on page 558). We ’ ll do this chapter in just 2 sections: I and then II/III/IV together. We ’ ll do this chapter in just 2 sections: I and then II/III/IV together. The reason countries gave for imperialism is in the writing on page 558 – let ’ s read that. The reason countries gave for imperialism is in the writing on page 558 – let ’ s read that.

The Spread of Western Imperialism and… Europe at the End of the Nineteenth Century The Industrial Revolution (using power machines instead of making things by hand) changed the world completely – with huge economic and social changes. The Industrial Revolution (using power machines instead of making things by hand) changed the world completely – with huge economic and social changes. The I.R. started in Great Britain, but by 1870, had spread around the world. The I.R. started in Great Britain, but by 1870, had spread around the world.

The Industrial Revolution in Full Stride In 1850: Great Britain was the most industrialized country in the world - and they controlled much of the world ’ s markets. In 1850: Great Britain was the most industrialized country in the world - and they controlled much of the world ’ s markets. They even held the first World ’ s Fair (1851) - to celebrate technology and industry. They even held the first World ’ s Fair (1851) - to celebrate technology and industry. People who came from around the world were amazed at what they saw. People who came from around the world were amazed at what they saw. France, Belgium, and the U.S. started to catch up - and so did Germany. France, Belgium, and the U.S. started to catch up - and so did Germany. By 1900, Germany was competing with Britain in the steel industry and for control of the seas (trade). By 1900, Germany was competing with Britain in the steel industry and for control of the seas (trade).

The Economic Picture Transportation and communication changes (steam engine, telegraph, telephone) also brought people and nations “ closer. ” Transportation and communication changes (steam engine, telegraph, telephone) also brought people and nations “ closer. ” For example, when the South didn ’ t supply England with cotton during the American Civil War, they could go to their supply in India. For example, when the South didn ’ t supply England with cotton during the American Civil War, they could go to their supply in India. ………………….. …………………..

But, to make sure they could still use this supply, they had to tighten their control over India. But, to make sure they could still use this supply, they had to tighten their control over India. The British helped themselves by building a lot of new railroads in India (for cotton? – and for soldiers). The British helped themselves by building a lot of new railroads in India (for cotton? – and for soldiers). One thing the British did that hurt India was they could also sell their finished product cheaper and faster (RR ’ s) to the people of India - almost putting the Indian textile industry out of business. One thing the British did that hurt India was they could also sell their finished product cheaper and faster (RR ’ s) to the people of India - almost putting the Indian textile industry out of business. That was part of the plan in Asia and Africa – buy raw materials cheaply and sell finished goods at high prices. That was part of the plan in Asia and Africa – buy raw materials cheaply and sell finished goods at high prices.

The Colonizers and the Colonized and… European Defense of Imperialism Throughout history, people move (migrate) to look for new opportunities. Throughout history, people move (migrate) to look for new opportunities. These may be economic, political, religious, or survival opportunities. These may be economic, political, religious, or survival opportunities. Colonialism and Imperialism are part of those same opportunities (for some, not all). Colonialism and Imperialism are part of those same opportunities (for some, not all). ………………………… …………………………

Colonialism: expanding and protecting trade routes and markets. Colonialism: expanding and protecting trade routes and markets. Imperialism: process where one nation gets political, social, and economic control over another nation. Imperialism: process where one nation gets political, social, and economic control over another nation. When Europe industrialized, they gained an edge over the rest of the world in manufacturing, transportation, and weapons. When Europe industrialized, they gained an edge over the rest of the world in manufacturing, transportation, and weapons. This also meant, they needed greater supplies of raw materials – and Africa and Asia had them. This also meant, they needed greater supplies of raw materials – and Africa and Asia had them. They were creating an infrastructure to help them operate efficiently (roads, bridges, railroads, docks, factories, mines, banks, houses, hotels, etc… They were creating an infrastructure to help them operate efficiently (roads, bridges, railroads, docks, factories, mines, banks, houses, hotels, etc… A group of basic needs that helps a community operate efficiently.

Economics of Imperialism Economics is always one of the biggest factors in Imperialism. Economics is always one of the biggest factors in Imperialism. Tea, coffee, rubber, and jute came from warmer climates than Europe (and those places were poor and underdeveloped, with a huge supply of cheap labor). Tea, coffee, rubber, and jute came from warmer climates than Europe (and those places were poor and underdeveloped, with a huge supply of cheap labor). These would also be good markets (since their ships were already heading there, they might as well take finished goods with them). These would also be good markets (since their ships were already heading there, they might as well take finished goods with them). But this also meant, these European countries wanted greater control over areas they were “ working with. ” But this also meant, these European countries wanted greater control over areas they were “ working with. ”

Politics and Imperialism But European nations wanted to make sure no other nation got too much of an advantage. But European nations wanted to make sure no other nation got too much of an advantage. Some of these new countries became colonies. Others became known as protectorates: where they had their own government, but were still under some control by the big, European country. Some of these new countries became colonies. Others became known as protectorates: where they had their own government, but were still under some control by the big, European country.

Religion, Culture, and Imperialism Religious and Social arguments were often given as a reason to support Imperialism. Religious and Social arguments were often given as a reason to support Imperialism. Missionaries could now convert non-Christians, and would promote education. Missionaries could now convert non-Christians, and would promote education. New schools and hospitals could be built for the people. New schools and hospitals could be built for the people. Writers and politicians even spoke of the moral obligation to do “ the right thing ” for these people: bringing culture, reason, and order to their lives. Writers and politicians even spoke of the moral obligation to do “ the right thing ” for these people: bringing culture, reason, and order to their lives. In some places, it ’ s even called “ the White Man ’ s Burden. ” In some places, it ’ s even called “ the White Man ’ s Burden. ”

Other Factors Involving Imperialism Scientists and historians loved that they could now have access to new areas of the world (for laboratories and even zoos). Scientists and historians loved that they could now have access to new areas of the world (for laboratories and even zoos). Charles Darwin was a scientists at this time. Charles Darwin was a scientists at this time. In his book, he wrote about how species “ evolve ” over time in order to survive – and sometimes this may even eventually lead to a whole new species. In his book, he wrote about how species “ evolve ” over time in order to survive – and sometimes this may even eventually lead to a whole new species. Of course this helped explain Imperialism: that some people are more ‘ evolved ” than others. Of course this helped explain Imperialism: that some people are more ‘ evolved ” than others. …………… ……………

Another bad argument for Imperialism was that Europeans needed more space to avoid overcrowding their own countries. Another bad argument for Imperialism was that Europeans needed more space to avoid overcrowding their own countries. Most of Imperialism was bad: control over people ’ s homeland by a foreign power, taking advantage of people and making them work/live under poor conditions, while having their own businesses disappear. Most of Imperialism was bad: control over people ’ s homeland by a foreign power, taking advantage of people and making them work/live under poor conditions, while having their own businesses disappear. But: there was improved infrastructure, and schools, and hospitals. But: there was improved infrastructure, and schools, and hospitals. Is that enough to justify Imperialism? Is that enough to justify Imperialism?