ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany Observation of OH rotational temperatures with GRIPS at ALOMAR Carsten Schmidt, Verena Kopp, Christoph Pilger, Sabrina Wildner, Christoph Harsch, Sabine Wüst, Kathrin Höppner and Michael Bittner German Aerospace Center (DLR-DFD)

2 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany outline instrument GRIPS 9, ground-based infrared p-branch spectrometer OH(3-1) rotational temperatures (~87 km height) ndmc network for the detection of mesopause change measurements and data obtained at ALOMAR NICC-1, ndmc intercomparison campaign 1 preliminary results future activities

3 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany detector: 512 element InGaAs PDA, TE cooled (-60°C) polychromator:focal length f = 163mm, f-number F# = 3.7 Etendue: ~ 1.85 * cm 2 sr λ/ Δ λ=1550nm:505 Compact design: The GRIPS instrument Bittner et al. (2010) 30 cm

4 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany GRIPS – GRound-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer rotational temperatures estimated from transitions of OH(3-1) p-branch

5 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany Instrument setup at ALOMAR entrance slit coolant recirculatordetector sensors for ambient temperature (3) protective shutter instrument located in dome 3, next to the LIDAR facilities instrument completely housed “inside” the ceiling

6 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany Is the climate of the mesopause region (80-100km) changing? If so, how and why? NDMC objectives: promote international cooperation among research groups investigating the mesopause region Early identification of changing climate signals (identifying and quantifying climate changes by monitoring key parameters e.g. mesopause temperature, airglow brightness) Validation of satellite-based measurements and its use for intercomparison of ground-based instruments Answering other scientific questions related to atmospheric dynamics at different time scales including the description and the causes of the variability of periodic and quasi- periodic processes (e.g. gravity or planetary waves) Detection of solar activity effects at all time scales (“Space Weather”) Cooperation in the development of instrumentation The network for the detection of mesopause change Is the climate of the mesopause region (80-100km) changing? If so, how and why? NDMC objectives: promote international cooperation among research groups investigating the mesopause region Early identification of changing climate signals (identifying and quantifying climate changes by monitoring key parameters e.g. mesopause temperature, airglow brightness) Validation of satellite-based measurements and its use for intercomparison of ground-based instruments Answering other scientific questions related to atmospheric dynamics at different time scales including the description and the causes of the variability of periodic and quasi- periodic processes (e.g. gravity or planetary waves) Detection of solar activity effects at all time scales (“Space Weather”) Cooperation in the development of instrumentation Is the climate of the mesopause region (80-100km) changing? If so, how and why? NDMC objectives: promote international cooperation among research groups investigating the mesopause region Early identification of changing climate signals (identifying and quantifying climate changes by monitoring key parameters e.g. mesopause temperature, airglow brightness) Validation of satellite-based measurements and its use for intercomparison of ground-based instruments Answering other scientific questions related to atmospheric dynamics at different time scales including the description and the causes of the variability of periodic and quasi-periodic processes (e.g. gravity or planetary waves) Detection of solar activity effects at all time scales (“Space Weather”) Cooperation in the development of instrumentation current activities at ALOMAR and near future activities at ALOMAR

7 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany NDMC is currently composed of 50 ground-based research stations initial emphasis on the airglow in the mesopause NDMC current GRIPS instruments GRIPS stations planned in 2011 Sicily, Tel Aviv, Mallorca (campaign)

8 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany GRIPS measurements at ALOMAR performed since (every night) temporal resolution: 15 seconds, uncertainty ~ 2% to 6% status : 115 nights, successful measurements longer than: 2 hours:104(90%) 6 hours: 93(81%) 12 hours: 62(54%)

9 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany high resolution data quicklooks and related information available via scientific interests gravity wave activity search for infrasonic waves comparison with other sites first statistics of wave activity for two Alpine stations identical instruments used: GRIPS 5,6,7,8,9 instruments have performed intercomparison measurements

10 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany preliminary results τBτB τaτa infrasonic wave activity?

11 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany preliminary results gravity wave activity?

12 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany NICC-1, NDMC intercomparison campaign comparison of GRIPS 9 at ALOMAR with Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper (AMTM, Mike Taylor) comparison of ground-based OH rotational temperatures with satellite data GRIPS 9OH(3-1) AMTMOH(3-1) ENVISAT SciamachyOH(3-1) (IUP Bremen, Christian von Savigny) comparison of ground-based GRIPS OH rotational temperatures and SABER v1.07 temperatures GRIPS temperatures vs. Na-LIDAR temperature profiles Satellite validation estimation of the impact of geophysical variability - expressed as mistime and misdistance – on the comparison between ground- and satellite-based data – NDMC Network intercomparison NICC-1, NDMC intercomparison campaign comparison of GRIPS 9 at ALOMAR with Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper (AMTM, Mike Taylor) – ongoing comparison of ground-based OH rotational temperatures with satellite data GRIPS 9OH(3-1) AMTMOH(3-1) ENVISAT SciamachyOH(3-1) (IUP Bremen, Christian von Savigny) comparison of ground-based GRIPS OH rotational temperatures and SABER v1.07 temperatures GRIPS temperatures vs. Na-LIDAR temperature profiles Satellite validation estimation of the impact of geophysical variability - expressed as mistime and misdistance – on the comparison between ground- and satellite-based data – NICC-1, NDMC intercomparison campaign comparison of GRIPS 9 at ALOMAR with Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper (AMTM, Mike Taylor) – ongoing comparison of ground-based OH rotational temperatures with satellite data GRIPS 9OH(3-1) AMTMOH(3-1) ENVISAT SciamachyOH(3-1) – ongoing (IUP Bremen, Christian von Savigny) comparison of ground-based GRIPS OH rotational temperatures and SABER v1.07 temperatures GRIPS temperatures vs. Na-LIDAR temperature profiles Satellite validation estimation of the impact of geophysical variability - expressed as mistime and misdistance – on the comparison between ground- and satellite-based data – NICC-1, NDMC intercomparison campaign comparison of GRIPS 9 at ALOMAR with Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper (AMTM, Mike Taylor) – ongoing comparison of ground-based OH rotational temperatures with satellite data GRIPS 9OH(3-1) AMTMOH(3-1) ENVISAT SciamachyOH(3-1) – ongoing (IUP Bremen, Christian von Savigny) comparison of ground-based GRIPS OH rotational temperatures and SABER v1.07 temperatures – first results GRIPS temperatures vs. Na-LIDAR temperature profiles Satellite validation estimation of the impact of geophysical variability - expressed as mistime and misdistance – on the comparison between ground- and satellite-based data – NICC-1, NDMC intercomparison campaign comparison of GRIPS 9 at ALOMAR with Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper (AMTM, Mike Taylor) – ongoing comparison of ground-based OH rotational temperatures with satellite data GRIPS 9OH(3-1) AMTMOH(3-1) ENVISAT SciamachyOH(3-1) – ongoing (IUP Bremen, Christian von Savigny) comparison of ground-based GRIPS OH rotational temperatures and SABER v1.07 temperatures – first results GRIPS temperatures vs. Na-LIDAR temperature profiles – first results Satellite validation estimation of the impact of geophysical variability - expressed as mistime and misdistance – on the comparison between ground- and satellite-based data – NICC-1, NDMC intercomparison campaign comparison of GRIPS 9 at ALOMAR with Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper (AMTM, Mike Taylor) – ongoing comparison of ground-based OH rotational temperatures with satellite data GRIPS 9OH(3-1) AMTMOH(3-1) ENVISAT SciamachyOH(3-1) – ongoing (IUP Bremen, Christian von Savigny) comparison of ground-based GRIPS OH rotational temperatures and SABER v1.07 temperatures – first results GRIPS temperatures vs. Na-LIDAR temperature profiles – first results Satellite validation estimation of the impact of geophysical variability - expressed as mistime and misdistance – on the comparison between ground- and satellite-based data – first results (Sam Yee, John Hopkins, APL) (Ulf Peter Hoppe, Oslo) (near future: Patrick Espy)

13 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany GRIPS 9 vs. SABER 1.07 Coincidence criteria: misdistance: ±500 km Intercomparison starts 2011/01/15 due to SABER Yaw-Cycle SABER data weighted with OH 1.6µm VER profile 58 overpasses T SABER -T ALOMAR : -0.7K ± 6.3K preliminary results! Δ GRIPS nocturnal mean(uncertainty < 1K) + SABER 1.07 temperature(uncertainty 3-6K) temperature [K] date GRIPS 9 SABER

14 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany satellite validation non-perfect coincidence: mistime / misdistance quantify impact of natural variability mean difference explained by mismatched measurements mean differences in SABER temperatures (1,6µm OH VER) preliminary results!

15 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany Na Lidar data courtesy by Prof. Hoppe adiabatic heating due to downwelling? preliminary results! ~15K GRIPS 9 temperatures altitude [km] OH temperature [K]v uncertainty [K] number of averages

16 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany Lidar – GRIPS comparison preliminary results Na Lidar data courtesy by Prof. Hoppe 87 km centroid height of OH layer daytime comparison of coincident Lidar/GRIPS measurements during ECOMA 2010 good agreement concerning temperature variation comparison of absolute temperatures still ongoing GRIPS 9

17 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany Comparison with Na LIDAR data preliminary results! dateBeamMean [K] Duration [hh:mm] GRIPS OH temperature [K] Duration [hh:mm] Begin Start GRIPS mean : :1616:45 23: : :0013:27 19: : :4201:00 07: * 17: :4301:30 22: * *issues with Laser modes led to higher temperatures

18 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany Future activity UFS – ALOMAR cooperation UFS: Environmental Research Station „Schneefernerhaus“ Project BHEA: study of orographic gravity waves observed with different viewing angles started: 2011/02/15 Alps Kjølen GRIPS 6 GRIPS 7,8 (UFS) GRIPS 9 (ALOMAR)

19 ASAC Meeting, March 2011, Norderstedt, Germany summary and conclusion successful operation of GRIPS 9 instrument during its first season measurements will be continued during the next winter seasons first results indicate very good agreement between SABER 1.07 and ground-based GRIPS 9 temperatures mean differences may be explained with geopysical variability obtained results agree with other similar stations, ALOMAR 69°N OH(3-1) vs. SABER : -0.7K ± 6.3K Davis 68.6°S OH(6-2) vs. SABER: -1.5K ± 1.5K* detailed analyses still ongoing first examples of Na Lidar and GRIPS 9 temperatures intercomparisons indicate agreement more data needed for a reliable comparison subsequent activities and projects already started * presentation by Wildner et al. at EGU GA 2010