Writing and Referencing 101

Some APA basics Paraphrasing: * Disclaimer: examples are NOT from actual articles One solution to the issue is moving tables. (Roberts, 2011) Roberts (2011) stated that one solution to the issue is moving tables. For 1-2 authors; cite ALL authors’ last names with date. If no date, use (n.d.) For 3-5 authors, cite ALL authors’ last names the first time the citation is used, then use first author’s last name with et al. One solution to the issue is moving tables. (Roberts, Wilson, Jones, and Smith, 2011) Roberts, et al (2011) also reported that changing recess to before the lunch period helped to decrease food waste.

Paraphrase versus quote Paraphrase: the idea of the author(s) in your own words – include author(s) last name(s) and date. Quote: the idea of the author(s) in their words – use quote marks, cite with author(s) last name(s), date, and page or paragraph #. One solution to the issue is moving tables. (Roberts, 2011) “One solution to the issue is moving tables.” (Roberts, 2011, pg 2) If a quote is longer than 40 words (about 4 printed lines), indent and single space.

Long quote (more than 40 words) Jetter and Cassady (2006) reported: “Dietary recommendations encourage people to protect themselves against chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and some types of cancer by increasing their intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, and by reducing their intake of fat and added sugar.” (pg 38) It was also reported that small changes matter. “Minor changes can be effective, such as substituting whole wheat bread for white bread, lean ground beef for regular ground beef, or low-fat milk for whole milk.” (Jetter & Cassady, 2006, pg 38)

Websites Cited the same as an article if there is an author and date. Minimum citation should include: Document title or description, date of publication or date website updated, and web address. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fact Sheet on Youth and Tobacco, (2010), Retrieved February 29,

Reference Page References or Works Cited = center at top of page References should be listed in alphabetical order with 2 nd and additional lines indented. Example: Jetter, K., & Cassady, D., (2006). The Availability and Cost of Healthier Food Alternatives. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 30(1), pgs Roberts, J., (2011). Childhood obesity, fast food and media: a randomized, double-blind study. Journal of American Public Society, 33(11), pgs

Why am I so picky? Not citing sources = plagiarism Plagiarism = academic dishonesty Academic dishonesty = risk of expulsion from school

Cambridge University Research I cnduo't bvleiee taht I culod aulaclty uesdtannrd waht I was rdnaieg. Unisg the icndeblire pweor of the hmuan mnid, aocdcrnig to rseecrah at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mttaer in waht oderr the lterets in a wrod are, the olny irpoamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rhgit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whoutit a pboerlm. Tihs is bucseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey ltteer by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Aaznmig, huh? Yaeh and I awlyas tghhuot slelinpg was ipmorantt! See if yuor fdreins can raed tihs too. A great way to proof-read: scan it backwards.

Seems basic, but… There, their and they’re You, Your and You’re Two, To and Too Whether versus weather Apostrophes – is it combining two words or does it belong to someone/something?

One last thought WOU has a writing center It’s FREE! APSC 301: M-Th 9a-5p or F 9a-3p Hammersly Library 116: Sun – Thurs 7p-10p