CIS Computer Security Kasturi Pore Ravi Vyas

Public Definition from wikipedia.org “Social engineering is the art of manipulating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information” Gartner Research Group : “the manipulation of people, rather than machines, to successfully breach the security systems.”

Kevin Mitinic was incarcerated in February1995 with more 25 charges. In his book “Art of deception” he stated he did not use any hacking tools or software programs but used social engineering to obtain the passwords and secrets.

Three Israli brothers: Ramy, Muzher, and Shadde Badir had 44 charges against them. ◦ Telecommunications fraud ◦ Theft of computer data ◦ Impersonation of a police officer Damages around $2 million

On September 16, 2008 an internet activist group 'anonymous‘gained access to governor Palin's account DOB 2/11/64 ZIP 99687

 Its easier to ask the user instead of hacking the system  With the exponential increase in technology it is becoming harder to hack in to systems

VS

 Humans ◦ We are emotionally weak and like to help ◦ We easily succumb to pressure ◦ We cant correctly judge if someone is lying – bias towards truth and stereotypical thinking  Current defense mechanisms ◦ Security policies – single loop ◦ Employee training  Security policies ◦ Has humans involved in creation ◦ Are not updated ◦ Are not followed

 Information is readily and easily available

 First attain easily available data  Use it to fake authority  Attain more confidential information  Feedback loop - result of each action is fed back to get a better result in the next action  Final deadly attack on obtaining enough information  Devise attacks to minimize reaction and weaken security

 Pretexting ◦ Creating a scenario that does not exist in an attempt to pressure a victim in leaking information ◦ Generate cues to build the victim’s trust

 Phishing: The attacker typically sends an that appears to come from a legitimate source like a bank or credit card company, asking to verify some information and warns of dire consequences if action is not taken

 IVR or phone phishing: The attacker created a very legitimate sounding copy of an organization’s IVR(Interactive voice response) system. The attacker will send an urging people to call on the toll free number to verify information. On calling, they will readily give their information

 Trojan horse: They take advantage of the greed and curiosity of people to propagate malware. They come as attachments with attractive subject lines which, when opened introduce a virus in the system

 Baiting: These are like physical Trojan horses. The attacker leaves malware infected physical media like CD ROM with legitimate but curious labels around the workplace which when inserted by any attacker will cause the system to be infected.

 Online Social Engineering ◦ Users repeat a single password for all their accounts ◦ attacker sends an to sign up for some interesting site or some important update asking for a username and a password

 Reverse social engineering ◦ Make people come to you instead of you ◦ Attacker sabotages a network, causing a problem ◦ Advertise that he is the appropriate person to fix the problem ◦ When he comes to fix the network problem, he requests of information from the employees

 Physical protection  Security policies that separate documents into different levels or compartments, separation of duty, double loop  Employee training  Lie detectors

 Goodchild, J. (2008, Nov). Social Engineering: 8 Common Tactics. Retrieved Nov 2008, from NetworkWorld: engineering-eight-common.html engineering-eight-common.html  Granger, S. (2001, Dec). Social Engineering Fundamentals, Part I: Hacker Tactics. Retrieved Nov 2008, from SecurityFocus:  Granger, S. (2002, Jan). Social Engineering Fundamentals, Part II: Combat Strategies. Retrieved Nov 2008, from SecurityFocus:  Jose J. Gonzalez, J. M. (2006). A Framework for Conceptualizing Social Engineering. CRITIS 2006, LNCS 4347,  Wikipedia. (n.d.). Social engineering (security). Retrieved Nov 2008, from Wikipedia:

 VP contender Sarah Palin hacked  Three Blind Phreaks  U.S. vs. Mitnick and DePayne nt/page01.html nt/page01.html  New Trojan Bait: CNN Videos