Chapter 4, Section 1 Environmental Problems Vocab: Pollution Renewable Resource Nonrenewable Resource Overpopulation Biodiversity

Pollution Is an unwanted change in the environment Caused by substances such as wastes, forms of energy( ex. Radiation) Anything that causes pollution is called a pollutant

Pollution Can be natural or human-made Natural events – volcanic eruptions Human-made – pesticides, vehicle emissions, hairspray Types of pollution – garbage, chemicals, High-powered wastes, gases, and noise

Garbage Average American throws away 12kg of trash a week Hazardous waste – includes waste that can catch fire, corrode, or eat through metal, explode, or cause illness Many paper mills and oil fineries produce hazardous wastes.

Chemicals Some good and some bad Some can help people, but harm environment Fertilizers and pesticides pollute soil and water CFCs and PCBs – destroy ozone CFCs – found in aerosols, refrigerators, and plastics PCBs – poisonous and cause cancer

High-Powered Wastes Nuclear power – provide electricity Also produce radioactive wastes Give off radiation Some take over 1000 years to become harmless

Gases Atmosphere is mixture of gases Includes CO2 Nick Atmosphere is mixture of gases Includes CO2 Since Industrial revolution, CO2 has increased These pollutants act like a greenhouse Traps heat around the Earth Global Warming

Noise Pollutants that affect the senses Example, Ladayja and Sanam Too much noise is not just annoying but affects your ability to hear and think clearly Can damage hearing ability.

Resource Depletion Renewable resource – can be replaced at same rate it is used. Solar energy and wind energy Nonrenewable resource – cannot be replaced over thousands or millions of years Fossil fuels (oil and coal) Water?

Exotic Species An organism that makes a home for itself in a new place outside its native home Become pests and compete with native species

Human Population Growth I think you have done enough with this, unless you want to do Population Explosion again? Thank you penicillin Overpopulation – number of individuals becomes so large that the individuals can’t get the resources they need to survive Will human population reach carrying capacity?

Habitat Destruction Clearing land for construction, crops, mines, or lumber can cause soil erosion Chemicals can pollute streams and rivers Habitat – organisms home, where it lives Biodiversity – numbers and variety of organisms Habitat destruction destroys biodiversity

Deforestation Trees provide oxygen, lumber, food, rubber, and paper Deforestation is the clearing of forest lands Tropical rainforests (huge biodiversity ) cannot regrow Soils too thin and are usually damaged

Marine Habitats Point-source pollution – such as oil spills It is a one source pollution Nonpoint-source pollution – many different sources Happens when chemicals are washed into rivers, lakes, and oceans Trash – mistaken for food or become trapped

Effects on Humans Polluted air affects people with respiratory problems Polluted water causing sickness Cause cancer over time Overuse of natural resources

Chapter 4, Section2 Environmental Solutions Vocab: Conservation Recycling

Conservation Preservation and wise use of natural resources Three ways to conserve: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Examples: carpooling, organic compost

Reducing Waste and Pollution 1/3 of waste produced is packaging material Biodegradable – can be broken down by living organisms (bacteria) Organic farming – no pesticides Mulch, compost, manure, natural pest control

Reducing the Use of Non renewable Resources Things to replace fossil fuels Solar energy, wind, tides, falling water Electric and hydrogen fueled cars

Reuse Plastic bags Bricks Wood Tiles Tires

Reusing Water 100 billion liters of water used each day Most goes down drain Reclaiming water uses organisms to clean the water Plants and filter feeding animals Not always potable, but is used to water crops, lawns, and golf courses

Recycle Recovery of materials from waste Can be reused to make same kind of products, paper for example Resource recovery - using garbage to make electricity

Maintaining Biodiversity Each species has a unique role in an ecosystem Losing one species could disrupt entire ecosystem Look what happened to Kaibab deer when predators were removed Protecting Endangered Species Protecing Habitats

Environmental Strategies Reduce Pollution Reduce Pesticide use Protect habitats Learn about local issues Develop alternative energy sources