By: Erika Liebel & Saul Martinez

1) Annexation, US-Mexican War, Immigration 2) Timeline: 1) 1845 – Annexation 2) – US-Mexican War 3) 1861 – Texas Secedes from Union – Civil War Begins

1) Mexico took annexation of Texas by the US as an insult. 2) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – Dispute of new border – Rio Grande vs. Nueces Rivers Mexico … shed American blood on American soil. 3) US wanted Pacific ports – Manifest Destiny

1) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – Mexican Cession – Added California, Utah, Nevada, parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico & Wyoming. Population increased by 100,000. 2) Population Growth: 1) Republic of Texas encouraged immigration through land grants similar to the Empresario system used by the Mexican government.

3) Compromise of 1850 – September 9, 1850 – Texas gave up its plan to claim part of New Mexico.

1) Birthrate 2) Political and territorial changes (Spain, Mexico, Republic, US) 3) Nationality & ethnic shifts

1) Cities became centers of minority growth 2) Change from rural to urban

POLITICAL REGIONSCULTURAL REGIONS 1) Borders and Boundaries – ie: Texas, New Mexico territory, frontier region, Mexico. 1) Mexican American – Rio Grande & Nueces Rivers, San Antonio, Goliad & El Paso. 2) Hill Country – Northern European immigrants 3) North & Eastern – African American 4) Europeans, Lebanese & Jewish

1) Swedish Settlement Swedish Settlement 2) Polish Settlement Polish Settlement 3) German Settlement German Settlement 4) Czech Settlement Czech Settlement 5) African American Settlement African American Settlement 6) Hispanic Settlement Hispanic Settlement 7) Jewish Settlement Jewish Settlement 8) Lebanese and Syrian Settlement Lebanese and Syrian Settlement

1) Push-Pull Factors - Drought, oppression, potato blight, fertile land, climate, employment opportunities 2) Proximity to Mexico – Brought in Mexican immigrants 3) European & Southern US Immigrants – Cultural diffusion (music, arts, languages, literature, traditions, industrial and agricultural skills)

1) Geographic Influences on Settlement – Rivers, fertile land, climate 2) Cities – New Braunfels, Fredericksburg (German), Panna Maria (Polish), San Patricio and Edinburg (Irish), Praha (Czech)

Diversity caused Texans to adapt aspects of all cultures into a diverse Texan culture.

1) The previous picture is titled Manifest Destiny 2) Analyze the picture and explain why the artist selected that name for the picture.