Tensions Grow Gutierrez-Magee Expedition – 1812-1813 A filibustering expedition to “take over” San Antonio from Spanish control. Battle of Medina – August 18, 1813 The bloodiest battle ever fought on Texas soil. Between the republican forces of the US backed Gutierrez-Magee Expedition and Spanish royalist army – 20 miles south of San Antonio Spaniards won

Jose Gutierrez de Lara Leader of the Gutierrez -Magee Expedition

1821 Where is Texas? Who lives in Texas? Who are the Tejanos?

Sparsely populated Mexican government Little control

P E O L

What is an Empresario?

Land Agent

Moses Austin Permission from Spain Baron de Bastrop Father of Stephen F. Austin Died too soon

Continued father’s work The Old 300 San Filipe de Austin

Erasmo Seguin Helped Stephen F. Austin Promoted interests of Texas settlers Father of Juan Sequin

DeWitt colony Settled 160 families

The only Mexican Empresario to found a colony Founded Victoria, Texas Encouraged cattle industry in Texas First registered cattle brand in Texas

Mexican Constitution of 1824 Term Limits for Pres and V Limits on Presidential Power 3 Branches of Government Bicameral Legislature Federalist Government 19 States & 4 territories Texas – Coahuila y Tejas Catholic religion is the state faith

Colonization Law of 1825 Opened Immigration from US and Europe Only permanent residents could receive land grants Limit of 48,708 acres per person No colony could be established within 30 miles of the coast and 60 miles of an international boundary

Permission for 800 families Mexicans, Anglos & Cherokee Proof of ownership Mexico revokes permission Fredonian Rebellion

Fredonian Rebellion December 21, 1826-January 31, 1827 Dispute between Mexican Government and Empresario Hayden Edwards and brother Benjamin Declared themselves the “Republic of Fredonia” All rebels were killed or jailed by Mexican officials

Coahuila y Tejas outlaws slavery News Flash 1827 Coahuila y Tejas outlaws slavery

Mier y Teran Report January 16, 1829 Several Recommendations That the US NOT take control of Mexico Additional Spanish Military to protect settlements Strengthen trade with Mexico Encouraged European and Mexican settlement All recommendations were incorporated into the Law of April 6, 1830

Law of April 6, 1830 Limited immigration from the US Suspended incomplete Empresario contracts Prohibited Slavery

Turtle Bayou Resolutions June 12, 1832 Resolution - a formal expression of opinion or intention 4 Different Resolutions Federalists v. Centralists Opposed violations of the Constitution of 1824 by Centralists (Bustamante) Supported Federalists (Santa Anna)

Arrest of Stephen F. Austin February 13, 1834 Turning point in sentiment for the Texians Once released – Austin calls for war

How does this relate to Manifest Destiny? Manifest Destiny- American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent. US Supported American immigration to Texas Anglo-Americans immigrated for free or cheap land and opportunity

Growing Tensions Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Jose Gutierrez de Lara Battle of Medina Mexican Independence Immigration Empresarios Land Grants Mexican Constitution of 1824 Colonization Law of 1825 Fredonian Rebellion Mier y Teran Report Law of April 6, 1830 Turtle Bayou Resolutions Arrest of Stephen F. Austin