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Paratuberculosis in Egypt and Arab Area (Infection &Economics) Diea Abo El-Hassan Head of Medicine & Infectious Diseases Fac. Vet. Med. – Cairo University

A chronic Incurable wasting bacterial infection of Ruminants caused by MAP. Affecting primarily the intestinal tract. Long incubation period: 2-5 Ys Discovered in 1895 by Johne Paratuberculosis

Mode of Transmission The organism is shed in: manure, semen, urine milk & colostrum transmission is Fecal –oral utero transmission The organism is shed in: manure, semen, urine milk & colostrum transmission is Fecal –oral utero transmission occurs in calf at an early age, but the clinical disease occur usually after two years of age

Infection rate of cattle with MAP in Europe % In Bovine In USA 40 % in exam. bovine herds In Australia % in bovine in Czech 25 % among Cattle herds In Egypt 3 % - 40 %. In Bovine Salem et al. ( 2005)

95% of infected cattle show NO Signs 5% show chronic intermittent diarrhea Clinical signs in animals > 2 years old Herd signs: One animal with chronic diarrhea then another several months later. Disease Picture malabsorbtion Anemia Weight loss Infertility Dicrease in the quality & quantity of milk yield

Naser, et al. (2000 ) described Crohn's disease (CD) in human as a chronic inflammatory and ulcerative bowel disease affect Ages and similar to Johne's disease in ruminants

Losses depend on the infection rate within the herd: $50.00/cow if one or more positive cows in the herd $2oo.00 /cow if 10% of culled cattle had clinical signs of disease Cost producers about one billion $ annually Economics

Percent of Cows Testing Positive by Lactation

Milk Production: Paratuberculosis Infected and Non-infected Herds

Diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis Hematological and biochemical examinations Direct stain of faecal and tissue samples followed by molecular confirmation (PCR). Faecal and tissue culturing Cytokines Detection

Control of MAP Problem Efficient safe vaccines Accurate sensitive diagnostic kits Biosecurity & Efficient supportive treatment Requir

Vaccintion is not useful in an animal already infected with the disease. Vaccination of calves about(1 month) of age reduce disease incidence but does not prevent shedding or new cases of infection in the herd Seed strains of the vaccine should be of a prevalent type. Vaccinated animals become reactive to TB testing Effective vaccine need more research at this time.

Prof. Dr. Diea Abo Elhassan