Referencing a Scientific Paper

Why do we reference papers?

 Provides foundation for reported work

Why do we reference papers?  Provides foundation for reported work  Gives credit where due

Why do we reference papers?  Provides foundation for reported work  Gives credit where due  Allows the reader to get additional information

Why do we reference papers?  Provides foundation for reported work  Gives credit where due  Allows the reader to get additional information  Saves space

Why do we reference papers?

Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research ACS Publications

What should be referenced?

 Ideas that are not your own but are not “general” knowledge

What should be referenced?  Ideas that are not your own but are not “general” knowledge  Techniques that were developed by or have been reviewed by others

What should be referenced?  Ideas that are not your own but are not “general” knowledge  Techniques that were developed by or have been reviewed by others  Key results that you use, whether yours or someone else’s

What should be referenced?  Ideas that are not your own but are not “general” knowledge  Techniques that were developed by or have been reviewed by others  Key results that you use, whether yours or someone else’s  Databases or other key resources that you use

What should be referenced?  Ideas that are not your own but are not “general” knowledge  Techniques that were developed by or have been reviewed by others  Key results that you use, whether yours or someone else’s  Databases or other key resources that you use  Any direct quotes or reproduced figures

What should not be referenced?

 Ideas or concepts that are so basic as to be “general” knowledge in the field

What should not be referenced?  Ideas or concepts that are so basic as to be “general” knowledge in the field  Ideas or concepts that are not actually used in the paper

What should not be referenced?  Ideas or concepts that are so basic as to be “general” knowledge in the field  Ideas or concepts that are not actually used in the paper  Work of your own that is not relevant to the research reported

What should not be referenced?  Ideas or concepts that are so basic as to be “general” knowledge in the field  Ideas or concepts that are not actually used in the paper  Work of your own that is not relevant to the research reported  Large numbers of redundant sources

Proper Referencing? 16-Fold Degeneracy of Peptide Plane Orientations from Residual Dipolar Couplings: Analytical Treatment and Implications for Protein Structure Determination Jean-Christophe Hus, Loi ̈ c Salmon, Guillaume Bouvignies, Johannes Lotze, Martin Blackledge, and Rafael Bru ̈ schweiler JACS ASAP (Article) DOI: /ja804274s /ja804274s

Proper Referencing?

How and Where

 If the reference is to the entire subject of the sentence, the citation can go at the end

How and Where  If the reference is to the entire subject of the sentence, the citation can go at the end  If the reference is to a subset of the contents of a sentence, the citation should go at the end of the relevant sentence fragment

How and Where  If the reference is to the entire subject of the sentence, the citation can go at the end  If the reference is to a subset of the contents of a sentence, the citation should go at the end of the relevant sentence fragment  Any direct quote, from someone else’s work or your own, must go in quotes and be referenced

An example

What is plagiarism?

 To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary,

What is plagiarism?  To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own  To use (another's production) without crediting the source Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary,

What is plagiarism?  To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own  To use (another's production) without crediting the source  To commit literary theft Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary,

What is plagiarism?  To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own  To use (another's production) without crediting the source  To commit literary theft  To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary,

Plagiarism includes:

Plagiarism includes:  Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit

Plagiarism includes:  Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit  Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks

Plagiarism includes:  Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit  Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks  Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation

Plagiarism includes:  Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit  Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks  Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation  Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit

Plagiarism includes:  Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not

Plagiarism includes:  Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not  Copying your own words, ideas or figures from a source that owns copyright to them

Paraphrasing

What if?

 Reference 2 is the paper that originally had this sentence?

What if?  Reference 2 is the paper that originally had this sentence?  Reference 2 is to several papers, only one of which had this sentence?

Direct copying

What if?

 The copied sentence is in the thesis of someone who was not an author of the paper with the original sentence?

What if?  The copied sentence is in the thesis of someone who was not an author of the paper with the original sentence?  The copied sentence is in the thesis of someone who was an author of the paper with the original sentence?

Direct copying

What if?

 The same person authored both papers?

What if?  The same person authored both papers?  The same person authored both papers and they were in the same journal?

Direct copying

What if?

 The same person authored both papers?

What if?  The same person authored both papers?  The same person authored both papers and they were in the same journal?

What if?  The same person authored both papers?  The same person authored both papers and they were in the same journal?  The citation in this sentence is to the original sentence?