HW: Document Analysis Read documents 2-4 and 2-5 (pp and 54) on the documents CD Answer the questions (1 paragraph for each set) 3 rd paragraph linking the 2 (how do the ideas expressed in doc 2-5 follow from (support) those in doc 2-4 Also – continue to page 76 in Chap-3

In the Beginning (pt-2) Let’s Settle Down Ye Olde “Silly” English Explorers (& Some French with Outrageous Accents)

Who Really Discovered America?

Types of Colonization Settlement Colonies Goal is to come and stay. Natives and colonists frequently inter-marry and create new culture. Spanish colonies were this type Exploitation (Trade) Colonies Goal is trade and making money. Colonists not particularly interested in native cultures, people except as resource. Often travel back and forth between mother country and colony. French colonies were generally this type.

Silly English “Kenigitts” English Colonies combine elements of both types –Start as trade and become settlement Charter –permission to colonize a particular area is given to a company/ organization by the ruler. –Governor and officers generally chosen by the company from among stock- holders (e.g. Virginia, Massachusetts Bay) Royal –colony is under direct supervision of the ruler. –King/Queen (often through Parliament) appoints governors, officers, sets rules, etc (e.g. Carolinas) Proprietary – –charter is given to a specific individual (much like a fief in feudal society). –This person chooses governor, officers, etc. (e.g. Maryland, Pennsylvania)

Silly English “Kenigitts” Roanoke ( ) –Chartered to Sir Walter Raleigh by Q.E. I (Virginia) –7 ships, 108 colonists led by Grenville (Raleigh’s 1/2 bro.) –Dependent on Indians and England for support –Initially good relations with Indians –Began to expect Indians to feed them while they “explored” for gold etc. –Abandoned in 1586 –Raleigh returned in 1587 with 150: “Lost Colony”

Silly English “Kenigitts” King James grants overlapping charters –Virginia Company of Plymouth (38N – 45N) –Virginia Company of London (34N – 41N) Charters of the companies called for a local council for each –Ultimate authority stay with the King through the Council of Virginia in England –No settlements w/in 100miles of each other in overlap area Popham/Sagadahoc (1607) fails after 1 yr (harsh winter) Jamestowne (1607) barely escapes same fate

Jamestowne Like Roanoke swampy, bug infested, etc Initial settlers well-to-do folks looking for riches to “fall into their laps” –Few practical skills –Couldn’t/wouldn’t plant, fish, etc Weak, selfish leadership Only 38 of 105 remain when relief expedition arrives in Jan 1608

Jamestowne 1608 turned to John Smith (soldier of fortune) –Established military disciple, work gangs (no work, no eat), sanitation –Only 12 of 200 lost in winter –Good relations with Indians Oct 1609 Smith injured and returns to England –Discipline breaks down –Relations with locals deteriorate –90% casualties over next 7 months

Jamestowne Saved (Again) Powhatan War ( ) –Keeps numbers small John Rolfe (married Pocahontas) –Develops a salable variety of tobacco –Company establishes locally elected assembly –Grants headrights to encourage settlement 50 acres for anyone who will transport himself there 50 acres for each indentured servant he brings

Jamestowne Issues Corruption –Local officials overcharged for supplies –Used “company” labor to work personal fields Disease –Most died within 3 yrs –Malnutrition –Salt poisoning, typhus, dysentery from salty, polluted water of James River Poor relations with Indians –Expansion –Abuse 1624 James revokes charter and makes it royal colony

Plymouth Colony ( ) Explored by John Smith 1614 Departs Plymouth England Sept 1620 –Landed Nov 1620 –102 settlers + crew –Mostly family groups –7 year contract for lumber, furs, fish Pilgrims –“Separatists” from Church of England –Originally settled in Holland –Coming to maintain “English” identity

Plymouth Colony ( ) Mayflower Compact –Landed outside area of charter (no legal basis to be there) –All men had to sign (establish under sovereignty of James-I) Half died within 4 months Taught them to grow corn so settlers wouldn’t rob Indians Change from communal to individual farms yields crop surplus – self-sufficient Relations w/Indians deteriorate –Firearms made settlers dominant group –Local tribes use settlers against rival tribes

Mayflower Compact IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty- fourth, Anno Domini; 1620.

HW: Read documents 2-4 and 2-5 (pp and 54) on the documents CD Answer the questions (1 paragraph for each set) 3 rd paragraph linking the 2 (how do the ideas expressed in doc 2-5 follow from (support) those in doc 2-4