Bonding and Formula Writing

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Presentation transcript:

Bonding and Formula Writing Applied Chemistry

Valence electrons Electrons in the outmost energy level. Outermost energy level is farthest from the nucleus. Special stability if there are 8 valence e-’s. This special stable arrangement is called a stable octet. Noble Gases (Group VIIIA) are very stable & nonreactive because they form a stable octet.

Metals Position in the Periodic Table: left of the staircase or diagonal Lose electron(s) to form a stable octet. Form positive ions called cations.

Nonmetals Position in the periodic table right of the staircase or diagonal Gain electron(s) to achieve a stable octet Form negative ions called anions

Bonds: Force of attraction between 2 atoms Covalent bond: forms between 2 nonmetallic atoms. Share electrons. Molecules contain covalent bonds Molecular diatomic elements (7): H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 Binary covalent molecules: Contain only 2 kinds of single atoms (2 different nonmetals).

Naming Covalent Compounds 1st element named in full 2nd element is shortened to ide ending Mono 1 Hexa 6 Di 2 Hepta 7 Tri 3 Octa 8 Tetra 4 Nona 9 Penta 5 Deca 10

Examples of Covalent Compounds CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide NO2 nitrogen dioxide SO3 sulfur trioxide N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide H2O (dihydrogen monoxide) water NH3 (nitrogen trihydride) ammonia CH4 (carbon tetrahydride) methane H2O2 (dihydrogen dioxide) peroxide

Ionic Bonds Formed between a metal and nonmetal Transfer of electrons Ionic compounds contain ionic bonds Binary ionic compounds contain only 2 kinds of ions (1 from a metal & 1 from a nonmetal) .

Writing Ionic Formula Example #1 Compound Name barium chloride 1st identify ion Ba+2 and Cl-1 2nd write formula BaCl2

Writing Ionic Formula Example #2 Compound name potassium carbide 1st identify ions K+ and C-4 2nd write formula K4C

Writing Ionic Formula Example #3 Compound name aluminum sulfide 1st identify ions Al+3 and S-2 2nd write formula Al2S3

Writing Ionic Formula Example #4 Compound name calcium nitride 1st identify ion Ca+2 and N-3 2nd write formula Ca3N2

Writing Ionic Formula Example #5 Compound Name zinc oxide 1st identify ions Zn+2 and O-2 2nd write formula ZnO

Practice with Ionic Compounds Sodium sulfide Na2S Barium phosphide Ba3P2 Zinc iodide ZnI2 Strontium nitride Sr3N2 Potassium chloride KCl Barium chloride BaCl2 Lithium bromide LiBr Sodium phosphide Na3P Strontium chloride SrCl2 Silver Oxide Ag2O

Naming Ionic Compounds Example #1 Formula KCl 1st determine parts K = cation Cl = anion 2nd locate anion chloride Cl-1 3rd locate cation potassium K+1 4th write name potassium chloride

Naming Ionic Compounds Example #2 Formula Sr3P2 1st determine parts Sr = cation P = anion 2nd locate anion phosphide 3rd locate cation strontium 4th write name strontium phosphide

Naming Ionic Compounds Example #3 Formula AlCl3 1st determine parts Al = cation Cl = anion 2nd locate anion chloride 3rd locate cation aluminum 4th write name aluminum chloride

Practice Naming Ionic Compounds LiI lithium iodide AlF3 aluminum fluoride MgO magnesium oxide BaF2 barium fluoride Al2S3 aluminum sulfide CaTe calcium telluride Ag2S silver sulfide Al2O3 aluminum oxide Cs3N cesium nitride MgBr2 magnesium bromide