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Science for the Future

Big Picture Issues  Federal disinvestment in basic research  State disinvestment in higher education, particularly at research universities  U.S. primacy in graduate and professional education is at stake

Federal disinvestment in basic research

State disinvestment in higher education

U.S. Primacy in Graduate and Professional Education is at Stake

Question: How can the Federal Government in concert with state and privately funded initiatives set the future course of research and education?

UC System Lawrence Berkeley Nat’l Lab Lawrence Livermore Nat’l Lab Los Alamos Nat’l Lab (New Mexico) * * * * Agriculture Experiment Station (Berkeley, Davis, Riverside) UARC

Case in Point #1 California’s Communications Industry: 1 in 6 firms founded by a UC scientist or engineer © 2003University of California Industry-University Cooperative Research Program All Rights Reserved

Case In Point #2 California’s Biotech Economy © 2003 University of California Industry-University Cooperative Research Program All Rights Reserved Number of U.S. Biotech Firms by Region

 1 in 3 U.S. biotech firms is within 35 miles of a UC campus  UC scientists founded: 1 in 6 U.S. firms 1 in 3 California firms  85% of Calif. firms employ UC alumni with advanced degrees © 2003 University of California Industry-University Cooperative Research Program All Rights Reserved California Biotechnology

Companies founded by UC Scientists Sample of larger firms Intel Corp. ALZA Corporation Asyst Technologies, Inc. Affymetrix, Inc. Sorrento Networks Sun Microsystems Agouron Pharmaceuticals Vitesse Semiconductor Corp. Agility Communications Amgen, Inc. Cymer, Inc. Marvell Technology Group, Ltd. IMPATH UT Starcom, Inc. QUALCOMM, Inc. Inktomi Corp. IDEN Pharmaceuticals Corp. Gen-Probe, Inc. Integrated Photonics Genentech, Inc. Extreme Networks, Inc. ANADIGICS, Inc. Exelixis, Inc. Accelrys, Inc. Applied Biosystems ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Scios, Inc. Zhone Technologies, Inc. Silicon Graphics, Inc. Copper Mountain Networks, Inc. Tularik, Inc. Wind River, Inc. Bio-Rad Labs, Inc. Ligand Pharmaceuticals Integra Corporate Research Center Sugen, Inc. Chiron Corporation Protein Design Labs Biosite Diagnostics, Inc. Netopia, Inc. Maxygen, Inc. Broadcom Corporation Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. Caliper Technologies Corp. XOMA, Ltd.

What we’ve learned: Multidisciplinary science thrives in regions that support  basic research institutions (UC System, Stanford, Cal Tech, USC, CSU system, Scripps, Salk)  experienced entrepreneurs  venture investment (venture capital, investment banks, angels, friends and family)  business infrastructure (three major “footprints”: Bay Area, San Diego County, Greater LA Region  communications infrastructure  technical/professional workforce education (community college system, university extension, technical schools)

One Example: State-Stimulated

The T. thermophilus ribosome at 5.5 Å This is the largest asymmetric molecular structure ever solved crystallographically. STRUCTURALBIOLOGYSTRUCTURALBIOLOGY M.M. Yusupov, G.Zh. Yusupova, A. Baucom, K. Lieberman, T.N. Earnest (LBNL) J.H.D. Cate (UCB) and H. F. Noller (UCSC) QB3

Another Example: Federally Stimulated NSF Science and Technology Centers

Center for Adaptive Optics  Merging astronomy and vision sciences  Many partners (>20 universities, labs and institutes)  Industrial associates (9)  Critical educational programs

Observations: Robust multidisciplinary science includes roles for industry and private investment  Results of basic research create new economic opportunities  Applied research and commercial development create products that enable further basic research  Investments in infrastructure create opportunities to conduct and develop high quality research

Question: How can the Federal Government partner more effectively in truly innovative experiments advanced by states and universities?

To partner more effectively…  Address our realistic concerns (e.g. don’t proliferate processes with e-government)  Reduce unnecessary regulation  Provide motivating scientific initiatives  Be prepared to coordinate with state and private infrastructure  Identify and support creative scientific talent –keep up individual grant support  Start a new “national needs” graduate program

Acknowledgements  University of California Industry-University Cooperative Research Program  UC Systemwide Biotechnology Research and Education Program  UC Santa Cruz

QB3: Next Generation Computational Resources UCSC Bioinformatics KiloKluster $150K Gift From Intel for new test cluster (100cpu) – installed and operational as of 8/03 at UCSC. Collaboration with Intel engineers to develop new systems software for large life science compute clusters. Sali(UCSF) and Sjölander (UCB) Labs are in the process of porting their software analysis systems to the new test cluster. Discussion underway with industry on development of a large QB3 cluster.