1 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Present Status and Future Prospects of the ITER Project N. Holtkamp June 8, 2007 INPC07, Tokyo

2 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th ITER – the way to fusion power ITER (“the way” in Latin) is the essential next step in the development of fusion. Its objective: to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion power. The world’s biggest fusion energy research project, and one of the most challenging and innovative scientific projects in the world today.

3 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th ITER history (CDA) Conceptual Design Phase –Start of common activities among EU,RF, USA and JA –Selection of machine parameters and objectives (EDA) Engineering Design Phase –Developed design capable of ignition - large and expensive –The Parties (EU, JA, RF, US) endorsed design but could not afford to build it 1999 – 2001 – (EDA continues) –US withdraws from project –Remaining Parties searched for less ambitious goal –New design: moderate plasma power amplification at about half the cost now (CTA and ITA) –End of EDA and start of negotiations on construction and operation –4 site offers, US re-joins, China & South Korea are accepted as full partners. –Cadarache selected as ITER site ( ), India joined in Dec 2005 –Agreement initialised on May 24, 2006

4 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Mutual trust is our greatest asset Ceremony ITER Agreement Signature, Elysee Palace, 21 November 2006

5 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Construction Sharing Overall sharing: EU 5/11, other six parties 1/11 each. Overall contingency of 10% of total. Total amount: 3577 kIUA (5079 Euro-2007) European Union CN IN RF KO JP US Total procurement value : 3021 Staff: 477 R&D: 80 Total kIUA: 3577

6 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Construction Cost Sharing C “Contributions in Kind” Major systems provided directly by Parties B Residue of systems, jointly funded, purchased by ITER Project Team A Systems suited only to Host Party industry - Buildings - Machine assembly - System installation - Piping, wiring, etc. - Assembly/installation labour Overall costs shared according to agreed evaluation of A+B+C Overall cost sharing: EU 5/11, Others 6 Parties 1/11 each, Overall contingency up to 10% of total.

7 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th ITER – Key facts The current ITER building Cadarache Site Designed to produce 500 MW of fusion power (tenfold the energy input) for an extended period of time Will bring together most key technologies needed for future fusion power plants 10 years construction, 20 years operation 5 years deactivation Cost: 5 billion Euros for construction, and 5 billion for operation and decommissioning

8 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th JET (1983) Q<1 t=1s Pfus: 16 MW R=3m Ip< 7 MA B T0 < 4T Volume: 100 m3 JET (1983) Q<1 t=1s Pfus: 16 MW R=3m Ip< 7 MA B T0 < 4T Volume: 100 m3 ITER (2016) Q=10 t=400s Q=5 t=3000s Pfus: 500 MW R= 6.2m Ip: 15 MA B T0 < 5T Plasma volume: 840 m3

9 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th The Core of ITER Toroidal Field Coil Nb 3 Sn, 18, wedged Central Solenoid Nb 3 Sn, 6 modules Poloidal Field Coil Nb-Ti, 6 Vacuum Vessel 9 sectors Port Plug heating/current drive, test blankets limiters/RH diagnostics Cryostat 24 m high x 28 m dia. Blanket 440 modules Torus Cryopumps, 8 Major Plasma Radius 6.2 m Plasma Volume: 840 m 3 Plasma Current: 15 MA Typical Density: m -3 Typical Temperature: 20 keV Fusion Power: 500 MW Machine mass: t (cryostat + VV + magnets) - shielding, divertor and manifolds: 7945 t port plugs - magnet systems: t; cryostat: 820 t Divertor 54 cassettes

10 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th The ITER Site Will cover an area of about 60 ha Large buildings up to 170 m long Large number of systems Tokamak building Tritium building Cryoplant buildings Magnet power convertors buildings Hot cell Cooling towers

11 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Integrated Project Schedule Top Down 10 years 2 years 8 years

12 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Procurement Sharing Example of the Procurement Sharing Agreements Copy from the “Common understanding of procurement sharing”

13 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th The Scope, the Schedule and the Cost of ITER The Schedule: begin construction in 2007 and have first plasma In The Construction Cost: kIUA (~5.000 M€) –Including 80 kIUA R&D –Including 477 kIUA Project Team Reserve: 358 kIUA on request by NDG Operations Cost for 25 years: 188 kIUA/year Deactivation for 5 years: 281 kIUA Decommissioning: 530 kIUA (host responsibility)

14 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Main Management Structure of the ITER IO See detailed chart

15 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th New Proposal of Long Term Staffing during Construction 2250 professional years and 1860 support staff years consistent with 477 kIUA Smooth transition to operation

16 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Cadarache & Environs

17 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Site preparation site clearing access to the site ©AIF Main entrance Secondary Access

18 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Site preparation site clearing

19 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Contractors’ Area

20 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Design Review The first goal for 2007 is to create a new Baseline Design 2007 which –Confirms or redefines the physics basis and requirements for the project –Is the basis for the procurement of the long lead items (Vacuum Vessel, Magnets, Buildings), –provides input for the Preliminary Safety Report The second goal is to base the ITER design decisions also in detail on a broad basis by involving the worldwide fusion community (physics and engineering) –Thus the Fusion community and the parties can take ownership of the project The third goal is to broaden the knowledge basis into the parties which is essential for a successful procurement of the ITER components in kind –A significant part of technical coaching of industry and of the QA will rest with the Domestic Agencies (DAs) For components and systems which are procured at a later date or for issues with lower priority work will continue into the year 2008

21 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Design Review is performed by 8 Working Groups ~150 members (see Web Site ) Web Site Web Site WG-1 Design Reqs. & Physics Objectives. Chair: P.Thomas; IO D.Campbell WG-2 Safety and Licensing Chair: J-P Perves; IO J-P.Girard WG-3 Site and Buildings Chair: C.Strawbridge; IO J.Sovka WG-4 Magnets Chair: M.Huguet; IO N.Mitchell WG-5 Vacuum Vessel Chair: Songtao Wu; IO K.Ioki WG-6 Heating and Current Drive Chair: J.Jacquinot; IO A.Tanga WG-7 Tritium Plant Chair: D.Murdoch; IO M.Glugla WG-8 In-Vessel Components Chair: Igor Mazul; IO M.Pick/C.Lowry The membership consists of the leading experts of the fusion community in each party The groups have written manifestos explaining the scope of their work (see ITER technical web) In order to solve issues work packages have been agreed with the parties based on the work plans established by the design review working groups (80PPY)

22 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th ITER Issues (Link: ITER Issues Data Base ) ITER Issues Data BaseITER Issues Data Base ~ 200 issues existed for several years but were for different reasons not solved or rejected Another ~ 250 were added by the parties last autumn when the design review process started Thus ~ 450 issue cards existed when the design review working groups were formed in December of 2006 and started their work At the moment we have 411 ongoing issues 186 issues require consideration by more than one group

23 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Roles and Responsibilities for Construction ITER OrganizationSeven Parties Planning / Design Integration / QA / Safety / Licensing / Schedule Installation Testing + Commissioning Operation Detailing / Designing Procuring Delivering Supporting installation Conformance

24 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th DG DAs Technical Work Tasks & R&D Proc. Arrangement IO – DAs collaboration scheme Config. Mngmt. ITER Engineering Departments Project Office Safety Security QA PDDG Field Teams Proc. Control

25 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th The First Procurements: Magnet 1.1 MagnetsPkgIssue Date Toroidal Field Magnet Windings 1A & 1B Jan-08 Toroidal Field Magnet Structures 2A & 2B Jan-08 Magnet Supports2CJan-08 Poloidal Field Magnet 1 & 63AJan-08 Poloidal Field Magnets 2, 3, 4, 5 3BJan-08 Correction Coils3CJan-08 Central Solenoid Magnet 4A & 4B Jun-08 Feeders5AJun-08 Feeder Sensors5BJun-08 Toroidal Field Magnet Conductors 6A Aug- 07 Central Solenoid Magnet Conductors 6BOct-07 Poloidal Field Magnet Conductors 6COct-07

26 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Magnet Conductor cables tested in 2006 showed substantial degradation Ongoing field- cycling stress tests showing very promising results Tentative Conclusions The OST strand is significantly more sensitive to strain than EAS. The long twist pitches provide better strand support than short. This is critical for OST, not for EAS. With OST small changes in strand support can provoke major performance degradation –question on OST strand suitability for CICC Questions for further investigation (1) The TFPRO1-EAS1 leg performs better than TFAS-EAS leg. Why? Possibilities are: Higher joint resistance in TFAS is distorting interpretation. Overload of TFAS (high BI combination) at start of test. Comparing BI plots implies degradation model, not justified for different conductors

27 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Three equatorial ports are available for TBM testing Up to six different types of TBMs, with independent ancillary systems, could be simultaneously tested: Further time and space sharing not technically viable. TBM R&D and Testing Program: Exploitation of ITER Summary of minimum Members’ requests on TBM leadership Party Ceramic Breeder TBM Liquid LiPb TBM Liquid Li TBM CN1 HCCBDFLL EU1 HCCBHCLL IN- LLCB JA1 WCCB KO HCSBHCM RF (Li/V) US (DCLL) Total 43+(1)1+(1)

28 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th The TBMs first wall is recessed of 50 mm and protected with a Be layer Shield plug Frame TBM Location TBM TBMs tests need a whole TBM system TBMs Arrangement in ITER and Interfaces TBM ports

29 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th JT-60 Fusion Plasma Research Tokamak DEMO Reactor ITER ITER&DEMO Physics Support Activities Component Technology Test Blanket Module Blanket Technology Heavy Irradiation IFMIF Structure Development Structural Material Dev. Fusion Engineering Research JT-60 Superconducting Coils The Present and the Future Road Map to Fusion DEMO Reactor

30 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th ITER Cadarache Satellite Tokamak International Fusion Energy Research Center DEMO Design and R&D Co-ordination Center DEMO Design and R&D Co-ordination Center ITER Remote Experimentation Center ITER Data Acquisition and Analysis Setting Experimental Parameters IFMIF-EVEDA IFMIF Fusion Computer Simulation Center Check of experimental conditions, Machine Control, etc International Fusion Energy Research Center

31 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th

32 INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th Summary ITER is worldwide one of the largest, if not the largest scientific project. It is the first project based on “in kind” contributions to such an extent. While ITER is supported in many ways by CEA and Europe, it is also a “green field” site, which means the creation of a new international organization. With ITER and the Broader approach DEMO is well on its way to become the final step for implementation of fusion power as a reliable source of energy.