Chapter 13 Section 2

Johann Gutenberg 1455, in Mainz, Germany, printed the first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with movable type Transformed Europe

A Revolution in Printing Before the printing press: A few thousand books throughout Europe All books were hand written Books were expensive After the printing press: By 1500, 20 million books had been printed Books were cheaper Books were readily available More people learned to read New Knowledge

The Renaissance moves North Began in the region of Flanders(France, Belgium, Netherlands) Flanders was a thriving center of trade for Northern Europe From Flanders, the Renaissance spread to Spain, France, Germany, and England

Jan van Eyck One of the most important Flemish painters Used rich, realistic detail in his works Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife

Flemish Painters Pieter Bruegel- used vibrant colors to portray peasant scenes “Peasant Bruegel” Addressed religious and classical themes Peter Paul Rubens- blended Flemish painting and Italian painting techniques Scholar and humanist; wide knowledge base

“Leonardo of the North” Albrecht Dürer- traveled to Italy to study Italian masters Took these ideas and spread Renaissance techniques to Northern Europe He applied his new knowledge of painting techniques to engraving Engraving- etching a design on to a metal plate with acid

Dürer’s nature paintings What other artist was interested in nature?

Dürer self-portrait

Vernacular Renaissance writers still wrote in Latin, however, many writers began writing in the vernacular Vernacular- everyday language of the people How does the vernacular revolutionize reading and writing?

Desiderius Erasmus Important scholar of his time Used his knowledge of classical language to produce a Greek edition of the Bible Helped spread Renaissance humanism Wanted the Bible translated into the vernacular so it was available to everyone, he wanted to be able to read the bible Believed that people should show good will to one another. Called for reforms of the church

Sir Thomas More Pressed for social reform Wrote Utopia His book described an ideal society where men and women lived in peace and harmony Utopian- any ideal society ( with the implication that such a society is ultimately impractical)

François Rabelais Monk, physician, Greek scholar, author, French Humanist Wrote Garantua and Pantagruel About the adventures of 2 gentle giants On the surface was a funny tale, but it also tackled serious subjects such as religion and education Rabelais was deeply religious, but had doubts about the organized church

William Shakespeare English poet and playwright His genius was in expressing universal themes in everyday, realistic settings He is responsible for the creation of over 1700 new words Wrote 37 plays that are still performed today

Shakespeare continued… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geev441vbMI

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