R &D of Biomass Feedstocks for Non-Energy Uses National Renewable Energy Laboratory R &D of Biomass Feedstocks for Non-Energy Uses Ralph P. Overend National Renewable Energy Laboratory Sustainability in Energy Production and Utilization in Brazil: the next 20 years February18 - 20, 2002 Unicamp, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel

Biobased Products from Biomass USES Fuels: Ethanol Renewable Diesel Electricity Heat Chemicals Plastics Solvents Pharmaceuticals Chemical Intermediates Phenolics Adhesives Furfural Fatty acids Acetic Acid Carbon black Paints Dyes, Pigments, and Ink Detergents Etc. Food and Feed Conversion Processes Biomass Feedstock Wood Residues Urban Residues Grasses Agricultural Crops Agricultural Residues Animal Residues Short Rotation Trees Enzymatic Fermentation Gas/liquid Fermentation Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation Gasification Combustion Co-firing

Plant Matter Derived Industrial Materials Volume and % Share (Geiser BioProduct Mt 1996 Share’96 Share’92 95% Ethanol Solvent 0.42 >95 >90 Surface cleaning agents 3.5 50 35 Adhesives 5.0 48 40 Plasticizers 0.8 32 15 Acetic Acid 2.3 28 17.5 Detergents 12.6 18 11 Inks 16 7 Dyes 4.5 6 Pigments 15.0 9 Wall Paints 7.8 Specialty Paints 2.4 2.0 Plastics 30 4.3 1.8

Closed loop biosphere

Future Biomass Resources

4200 Useful Plant Specie Applications – Part 1 # Beverages 333 Forage Legumes 62 Cereals 72 Fruits 1440 Drugs 39 Green Matter 22 Dyes 27 Gums 61 Elastomers 47 Legumes 89 Forage Grasses 53 Medicinal 196 Fibers 68 Nuts 161

4200 Useful Plant Specie Applications – Part 2 # Oil crops 211 Soil stabilizing crops 19 Pesticide crops 32 Sugars and Sweetener 50 Pseudo cereals 15 Tanning Agents Resin crops 31 Vegetables 817 Root crops 484 Wax crops 10 Spices/Herbs/Condiments 367 Windbreak crops 44 Starch crops 302 Australian New Crops Group (2000)

Biomass and Bioconversion Topics impacted by Biotechnology Fundamental Science Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic microorganisms Biomass Crops Targeted Breeding Use of Genetic Maps and micro-propogation to accelerate crop development Gene insertion for within plant manufacture of desired products Pesticide/temperature/water use efficiency Photosynthesis Bioconversion Current major direction is ethanol from lignocellulosics

Biomass Bioenergy Platforms

Corn Wet Milling Today’s Biorefinery

Babassu Nut Multipurpose

Cost Volume Curve

Hazard Identification

Chemicals & Environment