Myers for AP Unit 6 Learning.

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Presentation transcript:

Myers for AP Unit 6 Learning

What is Learning? Do Now: Handout 6-2 How would you define learning? Hilgard and Bower definition of learning: Learning refers to the relatively permanent change in a person’s behavior to a given situation brought about by his [or her] repeated experiences in that situation, provided that the behavior change cannot be explained on the basis of native response tendencies, maturation, or temporary states of the person or other animal (e.g., fatigue, drugs, etc.). What is Learning?

Key Terms Learning Habituation Associative learning Classical conditioning Behaviorism Neutral stimulus Unconditioned response (UR) Unconditioned stimulus (US) Conditioned response (CR) Conditioned stimulus (CS) Acquisition Higher-order conditioning Extinction Spontaneous recovery Generalization Discrimination Learned helplessness Respondent behavior Operant conditioning Operant behavior Key Terms

Law of effect Operant chamber Shaping Discriminative stimulus Reinforcer Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Primary reinforcer Conditioned reinforcer Continuous reinforcement Partial reinforcement Fixed-ratio schedule Variable-ratio schedule Fixed-interval schedule Variable-interval schedule Punishment Cognitive map Latent learning Insight Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation biofeedback Observational learning Modeling Mirror neurons Prosocial behavior

Key People Little Albert Albert Bandura Edward Deci John Garcia Ivan Pavlov Rosalie Rayner Robert Rescorla Giacomo Rizzolatti Richard Ryan Martin Seligman B.F. Skinner Edward L. Thorndike Edward Chase Tolman Allan Wagner John Watson Key People

Do Now: Listen to the music and write down how it makes you feel. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =ZDcrMScGaj8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =yrEvK-tv5OI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =7acI5z9vyok Discuss. Do Now:

Classical Conditioning Basics

Classical Conditioning Scenario: Pavlov’s dogs: US = food in mouth UR = salivation NS = Tone (bell) NS + US = UR CS = CR Classical Conditioning

The Classic Pavlov Example

CC Examples? What classical conditioning scenarios can you think of? Worth Video: Classical Conditioning If the aroma of a cake baking gets your mouth watering, what is the US, the CS, The CR? If the cat comes running when she hears a can opener, what is the US, the CS, the CR? Are you classically conditioned by your phone? Other items? CC Examples?

Learned helpless is usually only talked about in terms of learning. Learned helplessness activity Learned helpless is usually only talked about in terms of learning. How does it apply socially? Dating Compromising your morals once Girls have cultural pressure to be quiet and not to be angry Becoming victimized and failing to stand up Tendency to close down and not try new approaches when we fail.

Show Operant Conditioning Video Show Learning video

Classical vs. Operant Conditioning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =H6LEcM0E0io http://www.youtube.com/user/Pru dential?v=sT7fbayfNBU Is the second video an example of Operant or Classical conditioning? Can you think of examples like this in your own childhood? In your life now? Classical vs. Operant Conditioning

Boo-Hiss! We need three volunteers! Thank you!!! Please wait outside! We need three separate behaviors for our three participants to do Cheers Boos Cheers and Boos Discussion: What did we do? Which approach worked best? What if we had used punishment? Boo-Hiss!

Reinforcement & Punishment

Reinforcement vs. Punishment

Operant Conditioning Primary reinforcers – unlearned Secondary reinforcers – learned and associated with primary Know reinforcement schedules: Fixed-ratio Variable-ratio Fixed-interval Variable-interval Hint: Intervals involve time; ratios involve behavior What are some examples of each? Operant Conditioning

Delayed Gratification Do now: What types of real-world rewards occur on a delayed schedule? Does the media encourage people to delay gratification? Why or why not? Grades: Do you get a grade for every assignment you turn in in every class? If not, how do you feel if a teacher doesn’t grade everything? Handout 6-4 Discussion Delayed Gratification

For Review: p. 241 in book

Gotta knows… What is a cognitive map? What is insight learning? What are some of the dangers of extrinsic motivation? How do biological predispositions affect both C & O Conditioning? What is instinctive drift? Gotta knows…

Do now: What examples of Operant Conditioning can you think of… At school In sports At work For self-improvement Do now:

Oddly Interesting Los Horcones (www.loshorcones.org) Twin Oaks (www.twinoaks.org) How is superstitious behavior conditioned? Oddly Interesting

Monkey See, Monkey Do Know: Observational learning (Bandura video) Modeling Mirror neurons (Rizzolatti) (video) Role models? Who are yours? Children learn what they live Do as I say, not as I do??? (video) Violence-viewing effect (video games) Monkey See, Monkey Do