Ecosystems By: ___________

Table of Contents 1.Word Bank pg. 1 2.What I Knowpg. 6 3.Word Bank #2 pg Pond Ecosystempg Ocean Ecosystem pg Swamp Ecosystem pg Forest Ecosystem pg Meadow Ecosystem pg Louisiana Ecosystempg. 26

Word Bank 1. classification – 2. kingdom – pg species – pg vertebrate – pg

Word Bank 5. invertebrate – pg nonvascular – pg vascular – pg seed – an undeveloped plant, stored food, and a protective covering 2

Word Bank 9. spore – cell that can develop into a plant exactly like the one that produced it (parent) 10. angiosperm – a seed plant that does produce a flower. (apple tree) 11. gymnosperm – a seed plant that does not produce a flower. (Douglas fir) 3

Word Bank 13. ecosystem – the living and nonliving things that are in an area. 14. food chain – a model that shows the path (trasfer) of nrg and nutrients in an ecosystem. 15. producer- organisms in the plant kingdom that use the sun’s nrg to make their own food. 16. consumer – any animal that eats plants or other animals. 4

Word Bank 17. decomposer – an organism that breaks down decaying (dead and rotting) plant or animal materials. 18. Herbivore – an animal that eats only plants 19. Carnivore – an animal that only eats meat (other animals) 5

What I Know There are six Kingdoms Archeabacteria, Eubacteria, Animals, Plant, Fungi, and Protist The Kingdom is the largest and most broad term used in classifying organisms on Earth. Species is the most specific term used in classifying organisms on Earth. (Example: lynx, pigmy rabbit, apple head Chihuahua…) 6

What I Know Classification of Organisms: Kingdom Phylum Class(Reptile)more specific Order Family(Viper) Genus Species 7

What I Know 8 Animal Kingdom Vertebrates invertebrates cow snakefish jellyfish dragonfly sponge

What I Know 9 Plant Kingdom Non vascular Vascular hornwort MossLiverworts Pine tree fern Flowering plant

What I Know 10 Fungi Kingdom Mildew morel yeast mold Rust Smut mushroom

What I Know Ecosystems include living and nonliving things  Living things – animals, plants, fungi, bacteria…  Nonliving things – Sun, water, soil, air, rocks, … Energy in a food chain moves in one direction. (nrg moves toward the organism that is EATING) Arrows represent the nrg flow in a food chain. 11

What I Know Energy for all food chains starts with the SUN. Herbivores are primary consumers (1 st level consumer). They are the first organisms to eat. Carnivores can be secondary consumers (2 nd level consumers). They can also be tertiary consumers (3 rd level consumer) 12

What I Know Omnivores can be primary (1 st level), secondary (2 nd level) or tertiary (3 rd level) consumers. Decomposers break down dead organisms and return the nutrients to the soil. Scavengers eat the remains of organisms that they did not hunt or kill. 13

What I Know There must be more prey than predators to have a successful food chain. 14

What I Know 15 Energy Pyramid nrg

What I Know Food webs give food chains more options for survival when resources for food run low. Populations in the same area compete with each other for resources like food, shelter and water. Example: Competition with own kind 1 fox against another fox for rabbit. Example: Competition with other populations. sea cucumber against sea urchin against mussel for kelp. 16

What I Know Organisms have 2 kinds of adaptations 1. structural – AN ADAPTATION THAT ARE ADJUSTMENTS TO THE INTERNAL (INSIDE) OR EXTERNAL (OUTSIDE) OF AN ORGANISM. examples: thick waxy cuticle of cacti, webbed feet of ducks, talons of falcons 2. behavioral – AN ADAPTATION THAT ARE ADJUSTMENTS TO AN ANIMALS BEHAVIOR examples: elephant holding on to mom’s tail, wolves and fish travel in packs, any symbiotic relationship (clownfish / anemone, rhino / little bird), sea otter’s rock tummy Other adaptations include: 1. Nocturnal feeding time 2. mimicry 3. camouflage 17

Word Bank #2 20. Omnivore – an animal that eats both plants and animals. 21. Predator – an organism that hunts and kills other organisms for food. 22. Prey – an organism that is eaten by another organism (predator) 23. Population – includes all members of a singles species, in a given area, at a given time 18

Word Bank #2 24. Food web – 25. Competition – 26. Adaptation – 27. Biotic factor – 28. Abiotic factor – 19

Word Bank #2 29. Adaptation – pg Migration – pg hibernation – pg mimicry – pg Pollution – pg Ozone – pg Litter – pg Smog – pg Pollutant – pg

NO DOS TODAY!! TODAY’S ASSIGNMENT:  Make a new page in your “Table of Contents” for the various ecosystems.  Each ecosystem should have its own page. (Pond, Ocean, Marsh / Swamp, Forest, and Meadow)  Example: #3 would be “Pond Ecosystem” #4 would be “Ocean Ecosystem” and so on…  Draw a food chain that would belong in each particular ecosystem.  Label each organism as a producer, consumer, or decomposer  Label each organism as an herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore.  Label each organism as 1 st (primary), 2 nd (secondary), or 3 rd (tertiary) level consumer

Pond Ecosystem In my ecosystem I need a food chain that has: All Organisms drawn. All organisms labeled 1. Consumer? Producer? or decomposer? 2. 1 st level (primary) consumer? 2 nd level (secondary) consumer? Or 3 rd level (tertiary) consumer? 3. Herbivore? Omnivore? Carnivore? Coloring is bonus for this ecosystem. 21

Ocean Ecosystem In my ecosystem I need: All Organisms drawn. All organisms labeled 1. Consumer? Producer? or decomposer? 2. 1 st level (primary) consumer? 2 nd level (secondary) consumer? Or 3 rd level (tertiary) consumer? 3. Herbivore? Omnivore? Carnivore? Coloring is bonus for this ecosystem. 22

Swamp / Marsh Ecosystem In my ecosystem I need: All Organisms drawn. All organisms labeled 1. Consumer? Producer? or decomposer? 2. 1 st level (primary) consumer? 2 nd level (secondary) consumer? Or 3 rd level (tertiary) consumer? 3. Herbivore? Omnivore? Carnivore? Coloring is bonus for this ecosystem. 23

Forest Ecosystem In my ecosystem I need: All Organisms drawn. All organisms labeled 1. Consumer? Producer? or decomposer? 2. 1 st level (primary) consumer? 2 nd level (secondary) consumer? Or 3 rd level (tertiary) consumer? 3. Herbivore? Omnivore? Carnivore? Coloring is bonus for this ecosystem. 24

Meadow Ecosystem In my ecosystem I need: All Organisms drawn. All organisms labeled 1. Consumer? Producer? or decomposer? 2. 1 st level (primary) consumer? 2 nd level (secondary) consumer? Or 3 rd level (tertiary) consumer? 3. Herbivore? Omnivore? Carnivore? Coloring is bonus for this ecosystem. 25

Louisiana Ecosystem In my ecosystem I need: All Organisms drawn. All organisms labeled 1. Consumer? Producer? or decomposer? 2. 1 st level (primary) consumer? 2 nd level (secondary) consumer? Or 3 rd level (tertiary) consumer? 3. Herbivore? Omnivore? Carnivore? Coloring is bonus for this ecosystem. 26

Land Food Web Draw the picture from pg. 238 – 239 Choose to COLOR OR LABEL Both is BONUS

Water Food Web Draw the picture from pg. 239 or 240 Choose to COLOR OR LABEL Both is BONUS

What I know #2 The things people do everyday affect the environment. Factors that Pollute Soil -Chemicals (oil, gas, chemical leak/ toxic waste) -Litter (trash not properly disposed of) -Pesticides Plants absorb nutrients from the soil and can also absorb these harmful pollutants. 26

What I know #2 Factors that Pollute the Air - Aerosol cans (hair spray, etc. ) -Dust -Smog -Smoke (from people or exhaust pipes) -Chemicals (factories) -Trash (burning) -Ashes (erupting volcanoes) These pollutants that reach the air are creating much damage (holes) in the ozone layer. 26

What I know #2 Factors that Pollute Water - Polluted groundwater runoff (sewage) -Oil and gas and trash (from boats) -Sediment (can smother fish) -Fertilizer and animal waste 26