South Africa ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS DONG FANG COLLEGE TORIANO COOK

Republic of South Africa

Location of South Africa  South Africa is the southern most point of the continent of Africa.  Bordering countries: Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, and Mozambique.  Nine provinces: * Eastern Cape* Free State * Gauteng* Kwazulu-Natal * Limpopo* Mpumalanga * Northern Cape* North West * Western Cape

Cities of South Africa Johannesburg is the largest city, with 4.5 million people. Country has three capital cities: Pretoria Bloemfontein Cape Town

National Flag of South Africa

Symbolic “New South Africa” Gold and Generosity. Black Peopl e The Land Bravery & Strength Peace Honesty & Truth

Brief Timeline Of South Africa The Dutch Settlers The British Settler s The ANC Mandel a is Releas ed The Aparth eid Peace Prize Mandel a Preside nt The FIFA Soccer Cup Dutch settlers establish the first white settleme nt. Large number s of British settlers arrive. The ANC is organiz ed. Nelson Mandel a is release d from prison. The Aparthei d ends. Nelson Mandel a is awarde d the Nobel Peace Prize. Nelson Mandel a is elected preside nt. South Africa hosts the FIFA Soccer World Cup.

Native South Africans  Original inhabitants are the San people.  The Khoikhoi began to settle all over Southern Africa about 2000 years ago.  The Bantu people and the Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1050–1270).  The Zulu people arrived in  In 1818, the Mthethwa Empire was created the by Zulu king, Shaka.  Ruled South Africa for many years before being defeated by the British.

Shaka Zulu  Known as one of the most successful rulers in native South African history.  The Union of the many nations and tribes of South Africa.  Considered a military genius for innovation in warfare.  Many social reforms and changes in tribal societies.  Brutal and violent ruler.

 Explorers from Portugal and Holland sailed around South Africa to find trade routes to Asia.  The Dutch East India Company landed in 1652, created the first European settlement on the coast (The Cape Colony).  Called the Boers or Afrikaaners, spoke a Dutch dialect called Afrikaans.  The British settled in 1795 and took control of the settlement in  The Dutch moved further inland and created the Republic of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. European Settlement

 Diamonds and gold were discovered in the inland areas in  Many British moved inland for the gold and diamonds (outlanders).  Cecil Rhodes (PM of Cape Colony) attempted to take over the inland areas for the British.  The Boer War broke out between the British and the Dutch Boers.  The Boers were defeated in  In 1910 the country, the Union of South Africa, was formed.  Louis Botha, a Boer, became the first Prime Minister and established the African National Congress (ANC) in 1912 to represent the African people. The Boer War ( )

 Jan Smuts took the nation into World War II on the side of the Allies.  South Africa was a Charter Member of the United Nations but refused to sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  Apartheid (racial separation) dominated politics as the White Nationalists gained power. Restrictions were placed on all Coloreds (any non-white person).  Colored voters were banned from voting in  Laws forced Africans to move from cities to rural townships where they lived in poverty with strict rule.  Africans had lost their native lands. Beginnings of Apartheid

 South Africa declared itself a republic in  The white National Party ruled for thirty years.  Apartheid became an official policy for all.  Shanty-towns grew on the edges of major cities to first house workers for the mines and other industries, then as the only place for the poor who could not survive on poor farm land.Apartheid

 In 1960, 70 Black protestors were killed in a peaceful demonstration in Sharpesville.  The African National Congress was banned.  ANC leader, Nelson Mandela, was sent to prison in  Black protests against apartheid grew stronger and more violent.  In 1976, an uprising in the black township of Soweto spread to other townships and left 600 people dead.  The UN imposed sanctions and many countries cut ties with South Africa. Protests For Change

 In 1989, F. W. de Klerk was replaced by P. W. Botha.  The ban on the ANC was lifted.  Nelson Mandela was released after 27 years of imprisonment.  A multiracial forum in 1991 began working on a new constitution.  Apartheid was overruled for a multiracial democracy with majority rule.  Mandela and de Klerk were together awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in  The 1994 election resulted in a massive victory for Mandela and his ANC. A Multiracial Nation

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela: Father of Modern South Africa  Was imprisoned in 1962 for fighting against the system of Apartheid in South Africa.  Released from prison in 1990 as a national hero for his political actions.  Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993  In 1994, successfully led the African National Congress in the change of government and end of apartheid.  Became the first black president of South Africa in the country’s first open elections.  Died in December 2013.

The Government As a former colony of Britain, South Africa is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Unlike most other countries of the Commonwealth, South Africa is a pure democracy with a constitution. The country has a three part system of government, with a Parliament. South Africa has a president as the head of state, with no prime minister and does not recognize the Queen of England.

The Government Today the President is Jacob Zuma. Government has 13 political parties with the African National Congress (ANC) being the ruling party. Before 1994, only white South Africans were allowed to vote. Since 1994, all South Africa citizens over the age of 18 are allowed to vote.

The Economy  The currency used in South Africa is the Rand.  The Rand is used in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200.

The Economy Modern industrial, urban economy Mixed with a subsistence economy (low-paid work in agriculture and farming) Mining: World’s leading supplier of gold, chromium, manganese, vanadium, and platinum Private sector: Most under control of the DeBeers Corporation and Anglo-American Corporation. Tourism is a very huge part of the South African economy. Tours of the wildlife or ‘safaris’ have been very popular for years in South Africa.

Tourism In South Africa  Much tourism in South Africa revolves around outdoor activities and nature.  Popular things to do: Horse riding, “Big Five” Safaris, Camping, Hiking, Surfing  Many popular mountains, beaches and national parks to visit.  Sporting events like soccer, rugby and cricket also attract many visitors each year.

“Big Five” Safari Lion Rhinocero s Elephant Leopard Oxen

Natural Symbols of South Africa  The national animal is the Springbok.  The national flower is the Protea.

Geography of South Africa  South Africa is a nation of many mountains, jungles, a desert and beaches.

Geography of South Africa -Table Mountain - Surrounded by ocean; to the east the Indian Ocean and to the west the Atlantic Ocean. -Cape Point, the southern most tip of the African continent. -Grassy hills and plains -Scenic mountain ranges -The Kalahari Desert

The Climate of South Africa SeasonAverageMonth Summer20-30 CDecember-February Winter7-10 CJune-August Autumn10-15 CMarch-May Spring15-20 CSeptember-November  South Africa has four, distinct seasons.  Average climate is moderate.  Temperatures can be extreme in the jungles, mountains and desert.

Attractions  Kruger National Park  Cango Caves  Cape Point  Drakensburg Mountains  South African Coast

Facts About South Africa  First heart transplant was performed in Cape Town by Dr. Christiaan Barnard in  Known as the “Rainbow Nation.”  Won the Rugby World Cup in  Known for it’s gold and diamonds.  First nation in Africa to host the 2010 Soccer World Cup, where Spain won the championship for the first time. Zakumi

People of South Africa Population of about 52 million people 79.2% Black African 8.9% Coloured 8.9% White / European 2.5% Indian or Asian 0.5% Other South Africa has eleven official languages! The native language, Zulu is the most spoken. English is the common language of government and business.

Coloured: Word used for people of mixed background

South African English ° South African English is one of the most diverse and varied dialects of English in the world because of the influences of so many other languages on it. ¦ Dutch ¦ English¦ Hindi ¦ Malay ¦ German¦ French Many native languages of black South Africans. Official languages: ¦ Pedi ¦ Sotho ¦ Tswana ¦ Swazi ¦ Venda ¦ Tsonga ¦ Afrikaans ¦ Ndebele ¦ Xhosa ¦ Zulu ¦ English

Education A single national education system Compulsory education for learners between 7 and 15 years old More than 4 million have had no education; 3.5 million have had some primary education Public and private primary/secondary schools Higher education of universities and Technikons (technical/ vocational colleges)

Languages in School There is equal status of the eleven official languages, plus sign language. In each region, at least 3 languages are officially taught. English and Afrikaans are the languages of instruction/exams at grade 12. Although more than one language may be used, only English is used for record in secondary schools (middle and high school).

The Rainbow Nation Called the “Rainbow Nation” because made up of many people of many colors from around the world. People celebrate many holidays and festivals from around the world, like Christmas, Easter, Diwali and Spring Festival, as well as South African days like Independence Day and Reconciliation Day. Many different foods from all over the world! Influenced by Dutch, Malay and Indian cultures. Produce many wines, from French influence.

South African Foods Pap Milk Tart Biltong Malva Pudding