© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The World of Music 7 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9: Music to 1600

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Greek Roots of Western Music Greek Music Theory Theoretical Ideas Only (Greek musical practice was lost) 500 B.C.–200 A.D. Plato Aristotle Vocabulary (many modern musical words have Greek roots)

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 The Roman Catholic Church (-1600) Liturgy from Jewish Practice Dominant Force in all Cultural Matters for 1400 years Music Mostly Vocal Monks Boy Choirs Great Repertoire of Chant Melodies Terms Chant Gregorian Chant Melisma Syllabic

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 The Development of Musical Notation Aid to Memory This Invention had to Specify: Notes Rhythms Relationships between Parts First Notated (Polyphonic) Composers Léonin Perotin

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Polyphony Melodies added to Chant Imitative Counterpoint (similar to a canon like “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”) Unified the Compositions Characteristics of Polyphonic Texture Comparing the Lines Usually Different Texts Sometimes Different Languages Often Difficult to Understand Intersection of Lines Creates the Chord Concept

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 The Renaissance Humanism Secularism Optimism Reform Historic Names Michelangelo da Vinci Martin Luther Gutenberg Shakespeare Composers Josquin des Prez Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Giovanni Gabrieli

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Choral and Vocal Music Mass The Ordinary is often sung. Josquin and Palestrina Motet a Cappella (Voices Only) Nonliturgical Madrigal 4–5 Parts Chamber Music Secular Lively Terms Choral Cantus Firmus Polychoral Homorhythmic

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Instrumental Music String Instruments Lyre Lute Viele Wind Instruments Recorder Shawm Keyboard Instruments Harpsichord Clavichord Beginning to be Notated (Preserved) Grouped into Consorts of Similar Instruments Soprano (Recorder, etc.) Alto (Recorder, etc.) Tenor (Recorder, etc.) Bass (Recorder, etc.) Instrumental Music Ricercar Canzona

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 The Reformation Martin Luther 1517 Creates Protestantism Vernacular Services Church of England 1534 Counter Reformation of Catholic Church

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Hildegard of Bingen Nun Theologian Mystic Poet Scientific Writer Composer

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Chapter Summary What types of music might have existed before written history? How might secular Medieval music have been similar to prehistoric music? Notation and polyphony developed together. Do you think one led the other? How did the printing press affect the development of Western music?

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Image Credits Slide 2Royalty-Free/CORBIS Slide 6M. Freeman/PhotoLink/Getty Images