Reformation Time Line 1350 Start of the Renaissance 1400 Humanists begin to criticize the Catholic Church Invention of the printing press 1529 Western Christianity is divided into two: Protestant Catholic 1558 Queen Elizabeth rules England 1588 Spain attacks England Roman Catholic Protestant Roman Catholic

1.What did Erasmus and other humanists of the 1500’s criticize? Why? 2.Indulgence 1.The Roman Catholic, Humanist were upset about how the church was spending money and how the church itself was being run. 2.An Indulgence is a pardon, or forgiveness, from the church. During the middle ages people began to pay for indulgences from the church for $$$

3.What criticism did Martin Luther raise about the sale of indulgences? 4.95 Theses 3.He felt that money often given by people who were poor, should not be spent on the building of Saint Peter’s, a great cathedral in Rome 4.Statements of protests to the Roman Catholic church

5.How did Johannes Gutenberg revolutionize communications? 6.What effect did Luther’s activities have on Western Christianity? 5.He developed a printing press, that made books cheaper and more available. 6.The Roman Catholic Church split into two; Protestant (Luther’s followers) and Roman Catholicism (backing the church in Rome).

Journal Entry How did the printing press affect the spread of Luther’s ideas? How did his translation of the Bible from Latin gain him more followers?

7.In what ways did Protestantism differ from Roman Catholicism? 8.In what year was the split of the Roman Catholic Church official? 7.The Protestants opposed the issuing of indulgences; supported making church practices simpler, and the use of local languages instead of Latin

9.In what ways did the Roman Church reform (change) itself? 10. What issue caused King Henry VIII to break from the Roman Church? 9.Using local languages, making better decisions when spending money 10.The Pope’s refusal to grant him a divorce so he could remarry

11. How did Henry benefit from the break? 12. Queen Elizabeth I 11.He gained control of the Church, ended taxes to Rome, was no longer under the Pope’s authority. 12. Queen of England from , the English Renaissance flourished during her reign

13. William Shakespeare 14. Why did Spain put together the Armada? 13. One of the greatest writers in the English Language 15. To deny England control of sea trade routes and make England return to Roman Catholicism

Journal Entry How would you compare the advantages and disadvantages of each side (Spain and England)? Vs.