TOOLS SELECTION & SAFETY

TOOL SAFETY Anytime you work with tools safety must be your primary concern. A few general rules to keep in mind are: 1.Protective glasses or goggles should be worn whenever power tools are in use; and when chiseling, sanding, scraping, or hammering overhead, especially if you wear contact lenses. 2.Wear ear protectors when using power tools, since some operate at noise levels that damage hearing. 3.Be careful of loose hair and clothing, so they don't get caught in tools. 4.The proper respirator or face mask should be worn when sanding or sawing or using substances with toxic fumes. 5.Keep blades sharp. A dull blade requires excessive force, can slip, and cause accidents.

6. Always use the appropriate tool for the job. 7. Repair or discard tools with cracks in the wooden handles, or chips in the metal parts, that could fail and cause injury. 8. Don't drill, shape, or saw anything that isn't firmly and properly secured. 9. Take care in storing oily rags, which can spontaneously combust. 10. Don't abuse your tools. 11. Keep a first aid kit on hand. 12. Don't work with tools if you are tired. That's when most accidents occur. 13. Read the owner's manual for all tools and know the proper use of each. 14. Keep all tools out of reach of small children. 15. Unplug all power tools when changing settings or parts.

HAMMERS

CLAW BALL PEIN MALLET CLUB SLEDGE NAILER General nailing Shaping metal Light demolition Heavy demolition Hitting soft objects Power nailing

Screwdrivers

SCREWS

NAILS Small projects Small head is easy to hide. Used for floors and other areas where the nail head can be visible. Flat head Broad flat head

United States Penny Sizes In the U.S., the length of a nail is designated by its “penny size”, written with a number and the letter “d”; for example, 10d for a ten-penny nail. A larger number means a longer nail. Penny sizes originally referred to the price for a hundred nails in England in the 1400’s. The “d” is an abbreviation for denarius, A Roman coin similar to a penny. 2d penny = 1” 3d penny = 1-1/4” 4d penny = 1-1/2” 5d penny = 1-3/4” Etc.

SAW TYPES

COPING SAW Used to cut intricate patterns and shapes in wood. HAND SAWS

HACKSAW Thin-bladed saws used to cut metal or plastic. HAND SAWS

Keyhole Saw Used to cut holes into soft wood or drywall. HAND SAWS

RIP AND CROSSCUT SAWS HAND SAWS

MITER SAWS BACK SAWS Back saws have thinner blades with finer teeth that can only cut so deep. They are used with a “miter box” which controls the angle and depth of the cut.

CIRCULAR SAW POWERED SAWS

TABLE SAWS POWERED SAWS

RADIAL ARM SAW POWERED SAWS

CHOP SAW POWERED SAWS

CONCRETE SAW POWERED SAWS

JIGSAW RECIPROCATING SAWS Straight or curved cuts

SAWZALL RECIPROCATING SAWS

SCROLL SAW RECIPROCATING SAWS Can cut almost any shape in wood or plastic.

BAND SAW BAND SAWS

CHAINSAW BAND SAWS

ASSIGNMENT Get or find the following: 1. A 1”x2”x12” piece of lumber 2. A claw hammer 3. Mitre saw and mitre box 4. Ruler 5. Cordless drill with phillips bit 6. Cordless drill with small bit 7. Cordless drill with a larger bit 8. 1 nail 9. 2 screws

Step by Step Directions 1.Measure 4” from the left side of the 1”x2” and make a mark with a pencil. 2.Use the hammer to hammer a nail into the pencil mark. Do not hammer it all the way in. 3.Use the claw to remove the nail. What’s the best way to do this? Nail it back in all the way. 4.Measure 5.5” from the left side. Use the drill to drill one screw all the way in. Did it crack? 5.Measure 7” from the left side. Use a drill with a drill bit that is smaller in diameter than the screw you’ll be using to drill a pilot hole. Do not go all the way through the wood. This prevents cracking. 6.Use the drill with the phillips bit to drill a screw into the pilot hole. Did it crack less? At all?

Countersinking 7. Use a drill with a drill bit slightly larger than the head of the screw. 8. Measure 9” in from the left side. 9. Drill a small depression in the wood. 10. Use the phillips bit to drill a screw into the depression. Is the screw head level with the wood’s surface? There are countersinking drill bits that do this more accurately but this is the “poor man’s” method. 11. The depression can be filled with putty, sanded, and painted to hide the screw head if desired.

Cutting 12. Place the 1”x2” in a mitre box and use a mitre saw to cut a 45 degree angle at the pencil mark, leaving the 1”x2” 12” long at its longest. 13. Write your name on the back of the 1”x2” and turn in.