C OMPUTER B LOCK D IAGRAM, H ARDWARE DEVICES, S YSTEM S OFTWARE AND A PPLICATION S OFTWARE Manesh T Faculty In 111charge: 101CS 1

2 C OMPUTER O RGANIZATION Parts of computer system 1. INPUT UNIT Mouse, keyboard 2. OUTPUT UNIT Printer, monitor, audio speakers 3. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT It is the heart of computer system. All calculations and other operations are performed in this unit. 3 Parts 1. Control Unit (CU) It controls and coordinates the activities of all other units. 2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) All the arithmetical and logical activities are performed in the ALU. 3. Registers/Memory The processor contains special storage locations called registers.  2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

B LOCK D IAGRAM OF C OMPUTER CPU Storage System Unit ALU CU RAM HD Registers 3

4. STORAGE UNIT Store processed information Primary storage unit RAM,ROM Secondary storage unit Hard drives, floppy drives 4

C OMPUTER B LOCK D IAGRAM 5

H ARDWARE D EVICES 6

Slide 7 I MPORTANT I NPUT D EVICES : Keyboard Mouse Other Pointing Devices

Slide 8 K EYBOARD

Slide 9 T HE M OUSE The mouse is the most widely used pointing device. A mouse is palm sized. As the mouse is moved, its movements are mirrored by the on-screen pointer.

Slide 10 Wheel Mouse Cordless Mouse T YPES OF M ICE Wheel mouse – Contains a rotating wheel used to scroll vertically within a text document; connects to PS/2 port or USB port Cordless mouse – Uses infrared signals to connect to the computer’s IrDA port; it must be within sight of the receiving port Optical Mouse-

Slide 11 Joystick Touch Pad Touch Screen Trackball Pointing Stick Pen O THER T YPES OF P OINTING D EVICES

Slide 12 A UDIO I NPUT : S PEECH R ECOGNITION Speech recognition is a type of input in which the computer recognizes words spoken into a microphone. Special software and a microphone are required. Latest technology uses continuous speech recognition where the user does not have to pause between words.

Slide 13 Digital Cameras Digital Video Click on the picture to play the video. D IGITAL I NPUT : D IGITAL C AMERAS AND D IGITAL V IDEO

Slide 14 Scanners Flatbed Fax Machines A LTERNATIVE I NPUT D EVICES Barcode reader

Slide 15 D IGITAL C AMERAS The image’s light falls on a charge-coupled device (CCD) which transforms the light’s patterns into pixels (individual dots). Images are stored in the camera using flash memory. The most popular types are CompactFlash and SmartMedia. Photo-editing programs enable the user to edit the images.

Slide 16 D IGITAL V IDEO A video capture board transforms analog video into digital video. Digital video cameras use digital technologies to record video images. A Web cam is a low resolution video camera. Web cam Digital video camera

Slide 17 O UTPUT D EVICES : E NGAGING OUR S ENSES Output devices are peripheral devices that enable us to view or hear the computer’s processed data. Visual output – Text, graphics, and video Audio output – Sounds, music, and synthesized speech

Slide 18 M ONITORS A monitor is a peripheral device which displays computer output on a screen. Screen output is referred to as soft copy. Types of monitors: Cathode-ray tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD or flat-panel) Light Emitting Diode(LED) Plasma CRT LCD

Slide 19 P RINTERS A printer is a peripheral device that produces a physical copy or hard copy of the computer’s output.

Inkjet Laser T YPES OF P RINTERS 20

Slide 21 Hard Drive – storage RAM – memory STORAGE DEVICES M EMORY VS. S TORAGE Storage, also known as mass media or auxiliary storage, refers to the various media on which a computer system can store data. Storage devices hold programs and data in units called files. Memory is a temporary workplace where the computer transfers the contents of a file while it is being used.

Slide 22 Platter Read/Write head H ARD D ISKS Hard disks are high-speed, high-capacity storage devices. They contain metal disks called platters. They contain two or more stacked platters with read/write heads for each side. Hard disks can be divided into partitions to enable computers to work with more than one operating system.

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I DENTIFY F OLLOWING H ARDWARES E XERCISE 24

M OUSE 25

K EYBOARD 26

C ENTRAL P ROCESSING U NIT (CPU) 27

I NSIDE CPU 28

M OTHER B OARD 29

RAM ( RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY ) ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY) 30

H ARD DISK 31

V IDEO C ARD 32

P ROCESSOR 33

B LUETOOTH CARD 34

S OUND CARD 35

N ETWORK CARD 36

CD/DVD D RIVE 37

W EB C AMERA 38

S CANNER 39

P RINTER 40

J OY S TICK 41

M ICROPHONE AND S PEAKERS 42

S OFTWARE Software: Software is a set of programs Basic applications Specialized applications 43

1. A PPLICATION SOFTWARE Definition Application software is end user software that is used to accomplish a variety of tasks Example: MS word, MS Excel, MS PPT, etc… 44

S YSTEM S OFTWARE Master program Controls all hardwares connected to computer Collection of programs Users Application software Operating System/ system software Hardware 45

Application Software Computer/ System Software Interaction: Users always interact with application software while doing different activities. Generally, users do not interact with system software as it works in the background. Dependency: Application software cannot run without the presence of the system software. System software can run independently of the application software. 46

S ESSION 3 E ND 47