The Circulatory System Notes Chapter 47 Section 1 The Circulatory System http://bryanbrandenburg.blog.com/Biomedical/

Functions of the Circulatory System _______ blood containing oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells Transports CO2 and other wastes _____ from cells

Functions Continued Fights _________ Regulates body ____________ Helps stabilize ___ and _____ concentration of body fluids.

Circulatory System Components Heart ________ Arteries Veins Capillaries

The Heart A muscular pump Moves blood through the body Is suspended in the ___________ sac Aorta Left pulmonary artery Left atrium Left pulmonary veins Left ventricle Superior vena cava Right pulmonary Right atrium Right ventricle Inferior vena cava Composed of ______ chambers Divided into right and left _______ Made up of cardiac muscle cells

Pericardium Protective sac of __________ tissue Surrounds the heart Filled with ______ http://www.ohioheartandvascular.com/site/nucleus/si55551261.php

(Inner surface of myocardium) (heart muscle) shown in red Epicardium (Outer surface of myocardium) Endocardium (Inner surface of myocardium) The muscle of the heart Strong and thick Composed of spontaneously contracting cardiac muscle fibers http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/images/myocard.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Heart_myocardium_diagram.jpg/800px-Heart_myocardium_diagram.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Heart_myocardium_diagram.jpg&h=527&w=800&sz=83&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=eLXtJrKgryWLFM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmyocardium%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN Can conduct electricity like nerves It’s blood supply comes from the coronary arteries

Structures of the Heart Chambers _____- (2) upper chambers _____ walled Receive blood from veins Send blood to ventricles ________- (2) lower chambers _______ walled Receive blood from atria Pump blood out through arteries Septum Pulmonary valve Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Left atrium Aortic valve Mitral valve Left ventricle _________ Wall that divides heart into right and left halves

Structures of the Heart Valves Prevent ________ of blood Keep blood moving in ____ direction Valves seen from above Chordea tendinea Pulmonary valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary veins Mitral valve Left atrium Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Right atrium http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/images/100703033722010.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/index53f8.html%3Fhoofdstuk%3DArticle%26ArtID%3D5115&h=587&w=600&sz=333&hl=en&start=23&um=1&tbnid=qz-VlbvAFi6QRM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchordae%2Btendinae%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN Between the _________ At junctions of artery and chamber

Structures of the Heart Chordae tendinease “Heart strings” Cord-like ________ Connect papillary muscles to tricuspid and mitral valves Prevent ________ of valve Papillary muscles Small muscles that _______ the cords Papillary muscle http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/images/100703033722010.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/index53f8.html%3Fhoofdstuk%3DArticle%26ArtID%3D5115&h=587&w=600&sz=333&hl=en&start=23&um=1&tbnid=qz-VlbvAFi6QRM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchordae%2Btendinae%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Structures of the Heart aortic valve left common carotid artery left subclavian artery brachiocephalic artery right pulmonary artery septum left pulmonary artery aorta pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins left atrium (auricle) mitral valve pulmonary valve papillary muscle left ventricle right pulmonary veins superior vena cava right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle inferior vena cava © 2006 Merriam-Webster, Inc. 14 13 1 2 17 15 4 6 Semilunar valve 3 5 12 bicuspid valve http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72171&rendTypeId=35 16 Semilunar valve 11 atrioventricular valve 7 9 8 10

Cardiac Cycle Refers to all of the events from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the ____ heart beat When cardiac muscle contracts it does so as a single unit, creating a heart beat One heartbeat - a cardiac cycle - consists of two parts called _______ and _______

Cardiac Cycle Diastole is the period of time when the heart _________ after contraction Oxygenated blood from the lungs fills the left atrium ____________ blood from other parts of the body fills the right atrium. At the end of the diastole, the atria contract, starting the Systole

Cardiac Cycle The term systole is synonymous with contraction of a muscle. _______ systole is the contraction of the heart muscle of the left and right atria. Both atria contract at the same time, sending blood into the corresponding ventricle ______ systole is the contraction of the muscles of the left and right ventricles, which contract at the same time. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/ADN_animation.gif&imgrefurl=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Print_Version&h=313&w=181&sz=1029&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=PQleQxY_3NWqoM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=68&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvasoconstriction%2Banimation%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Cardiac Cycle During systole the ventricles contract, forcing the blood into the pulmonary artery to be re-oxygenated in the lungs, and into the aorta for systemic distribution of oxygenated blood http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dpcweb.com/images/medicalconditions/heartattack/circulation%2520of%2520heart_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dpcweb.com/medical/heartdisease/cardiac_cycle.html&h=211&w=150&sz=6&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=xrFKa5eJUC9IfM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiastole%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Cardiac Cycle Heart Sounds “___”- sound- due to closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) “____”- sound- due to closure of the aortic valve and pulmonary valve Two normal heart sounds with each heart beat described as a….. http://www.enter.net/~fsadr/ds.gif

Cardiac Cycle Heart Rate - count of each heart beat On average, a heart beats __ times a minute when at rest Usually it is calculated as number of contractions of heart (heart beats) in one minute and expressed as "beats per minute" (bpm). The pulse is the most straightforward way of measuring the heart rate Heart rate is controlled by What part nervous system? http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/jza0112l.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/h/heart_rate_gifts.asp&h=400&w=366&sz=23&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=cCwC5iNwx-WVXM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Brate%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Cardiac Cycle (do not know) _________ division increases heart rate ___________ division decreases heart rate Heart rate increases when more food and oxygen are needed by the cells, or when under stress http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.utmedicalcenter.org/adam/graphics/images/en/18138.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.utmedicalcenter.org/encyclopedia/18138.htm&h=320&w=400&sz=13&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=VQC7J9dHisOwoM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Brate%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thefinalsprint.com/images/2006/12/heart-rate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thefinalsprint.com/2006/12/running-and-the-maximum-heart-rate-formula/&h=200&w=200&sz=8&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=fVjhpTvDUZD1rM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Brate%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN Resting heart rate can be significantly lower in athletes

Cardiac Cycle An electrocardiogram abbreviated as EKG or ECG is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat or one cardiac cycle. http://www.matthewcwiggins.com/images/animatedheart.gif

Cardiac Conduction System Why don’t the atria and ventricles contract at the same time? Inefficient…. Blood would not be moved in one direction, some would flow backwards http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://acousticheart.com/library/HeartBeatingAnimation.gif&imgrefurl=http://acousticheart.com/learning_heart_and_lung_sounds.html&h=155&w=150&sz=59&hl=en&start=41&um=1&tbnid=XTtO99cxr5BobM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbeating%2Bheart%2Banimation%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Cardiac Conduction System Includes: SA node AV node Bundle of His Purkinje fibers Purkinje fibers http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://user.gru.net/clawrence/vccl/chpt2/adlt39.gif&imgrefurl=http://user.gru.net/clawrence/vccl/chpt2/ELECTRIC.htm&h=292&w=323&sz=23&tbnid=7dxLb6sk3ZnTDM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcardiac%2Bconduction%2Bsystem&start=3&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=3

Cardiac Conduction System Sinoatrial Node (SA node) Located high on the right atrium. ___________ of the heart. Causes the _______ of contractions in the atria. ______ blood into the ventricles

Cardiac Conduction System Atrioventricular Node (AV node) Located in the interatrial septum close to the tricuspid valve Carries the electrical impulse from the SA node to fiber bundles in the ventricles. This causes the ___________ to contract The location of nerve fiber bundles cause the ventricles to contract from the apex (bottom) up squeezing blood up and out

Pathway of Circulation Oxygen-poor blood draining from the body through veins into the superior and inferior vena cava flows to the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, and into the right ventricle. As the right ventricle contracts, oxygen-poor blood passes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries and on to the lungs to receive oxygen. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Heart_labelled_large.png

Pathway of Circulation Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the heart through the pulmonary veins, passing into the left atrium. Then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Contraction of the left ventricle forces blood through the aortic valve into the aorta. Various arteries branch off from the aorta to supply blood to all parts of the body.

Pathway of Circulation Nutrients pass into tissues Waste products filter back Blood pumped out of heart into arteries, which branch into smaller and smaller vessels until blood flows into capillaries Blood returns to the heart through the veins Heart Capillary network Arteries branch into smaller and smaller vessels (arterioles) They eventually become capillaries, which supply blood to all body parts Capillaries merge into (venuoles) which join into veins and carry blood back to the heart.

Pathway of Circulation http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.heartpoint.com/images/copyright/theheartwhole.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.heartpoint.com/theheart.html&h=288&w=439&sz=867&hl=en&start=24&um=1&tbnid=yEqnWEsubKNLnM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Bvalve%2Bclosing%2Banimation%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Pathway of Circulation 14 16 14 15 1 7 13 6 6 8 9 5 12 10 2 http://images.medicinenet.com/images/illustrations/heart_valves.jpg http://library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_High_Level/Circulatory_Net_Pages/Circulatory_page.html 3 11 4 1 It takes about 1 min. for blood to make 1 complete cycle And so on…

Cardiovascular Circuits Pulmonary Circuit Systemic Circuit Lung Pulmonary vein Aorta Left atrium ventricle artery Right Vena cava oxygen-poor blood oxygen-rich blood http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cardio2/intro.html

Pulmonary Circulation Takes place on the ____ side of the heart. Pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs to pick up oxygen and return to heart http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/pulmonarycirc.gif http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://acousticheart.com/library/HeartBeatingAnimation.gif&imgrefurl=http://acousticheart.com/learning_heart_and_lung_sounds.html&h=155&w=150&sz=59&hl=en&start=41&um=1&tbnid=XTtO99cxr5BobM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbeating%2Bheart%2Banimation%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Systemic Circulation Takes place on _____ side of heart Oxygenated blood is pumped to the body cells thru the aorta and other arteries Blood low in ______ returns to the heart http://www.besttreatments.co.uk/btuk/images/circluation_animation.gif http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f22-1_cardiovascular_sy_c.jpg

Coronary Circulation The coronary circulation consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and remove blood from the _____ muscle itself. Although blood fills the chambers of the heart, the muscle tissue of the heart is so thick that it requires coronary blood vessels to deliver blood deep into the myocardium.

Coronary Circulation The vessels that supply blood high in oxygen to the myocardium are known as ________ arteries. http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v125/J-Kama-Ka-C/jcian/89bd50cf.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/LIF/LIF125/3D509010.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fotosearch.com/LIF125/3d509010/&h=300&w=218&sz=19&hl=en&start=66&um=1&tbnid=xw0dlbuUNHVWeM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=84&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcoronary%2Bvessels%26start%3D60%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Blood Vessels Form a closed circuit of tubes that carry blood throughout the body Laid end to end, the blood vessels in an average human body will stretch approximately 62,000 miles……2.5 times around the earth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/images/vari2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/varicose_specimen.html&h=405&w=420&sz=33&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=JTdZjmrqR8xSnM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dveins%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Blood Vessels Have characteristic features Are distinguished by size, tissue layers and direction of blood flow http://www.colorado.edu/kines/Class/IPHY3430-200/image/figure10b1.jpg

Blood Vessels Arteries Receive blood from ventricles _________________ Usually carry oxygenated blood ____________________ Withstand greater blood pressure Are very _________ Connect to capillaries Aorta is the largest artery http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Blood Vessels Veins Transport blood away from capillaries Carry blood toward heart Take blood to atria Have valves Thinner vessel walls with less smooth muscles than arteries Can stretch a great deal Have larger diameters Usually carry de-oxygenated blood Vena cava is the largest vein http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/veins.gif

Blood Vessels The contraction of muscles compressing veins helps push blood up through the leg veins back to the heart. The _____ allow the blood to flow towards the heart only. Calf muscle relaxed contracts Muscle squeezes veins Veins constrict; blood moves; valves open Veins dialated; blood still; valves closed Valves OPEN CLOSED http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/images/vari2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/varicose_specimen.html&h=405&w=420&sz=33&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=JTdZjmrqR8xSnM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dveins%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://www.merck.com/media/mmhe2/figures/fg036_1.gif

Varicose veins

Blood Vessels Capillaries Smallest of blood vessels Only one cell thick (epithelial cell) Connect arteries to veins Bring oxygen and nutrients to cells Removes CO2, urea, and other wastes from cells Where blood is under low pressure and moving slowly http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Blood Vessels A network of capillaries runs close to the cells in every part of the body. The capillaries have very thin walls which allows nutrients to diffuse through into the tissues and waste products to filter back into the capillaries. Arteriole Venule Tissue cells Vein Artery capillaries Capillaries http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/ADN_animation.gif&imgrefurl=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Print_Version&h=313&w=181&sz=1029&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=PQleQxY_3NWqoM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=68&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvasoconstriction%2Banimation%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

C B O L M O P O A D R I V S E O S N S E O L F S http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/Cardiovascular%20System.htm