WARM UP Here are some important events in the early history of India. Use them to create a vertical timeline. ● BCE The Indus Valley civilization ● BCE Aryans invade Indus Valley ● BCE Early Vedic Period ● BCE Late Vedic Period ●563 BCE Gautama Siddhartha Buddha is born ●323 BCE Chandragupta Maurya founds the Maurya Empire ● BCE Ashoka, grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, rules; becomes devout Buddhist and seeks peace, moral reforms. ●185 BCE The Maurya dynasty ends.

LANGUAGE

LITERATURE ●Vedas-collection of ancient sacred verses, hymns and prayers ●Mahabharata- long sacred text about 88,000 verses. Contains the Bhagavad Gita. ●Ramayana- another ancient story about brave warriors and heroic deeds.

MUSIC ●Music was important in the religious and social lives of Indians. ●Early literature was probably sung rather than read ●Musical instruments included tambourines, flutes, drums and lutes

ART ●Much of early Indian art was made of materials that have not survived. ●Most that have survived are stone religious statues. ●Many are statues of Buddha Pair of gold earrings 1st Century B.C Ajanta Padmapani

The Mahabodhi Temple, the location where Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, attained enlightenment

MATH ●Aryabhata- First to use Algebra ●Concept of zero and a symbol to represent it. ●Explained the concept of infinity. ●Symbols for numbers 1-9. ●Invented Algorithm or a process that uses steps to solve a problem.

SCIENCE ●Astronomy-mapped planets and stars. ●Understood that the Earth was round and revolved around the sun. ●Understood gravity. ●Under Gupta dynasty, India made advancements in metallurgy, even making steel ●Gupta doctors could set bones, and perform operations. ●Shushruta carried out early plastic surgery restoring noses.