 Complete the crossword on hormones of the menstrual cycle

 If fertilisation happens and a fertilised egg implants, pregnancy begins  Pregnancy can be thought of the time of conception to the moment of birth  Periods usually stop during pregnancy

 First Trimester - Weeks  Second Trimester - Weeks  Third Trimester - Weeks

1 – 2 weeks – Day 3 – 4 after fertilisation the embryo travels towards the uterus – Day 5 – 9 implantation in the uterus takes places and placenta begins to form 2 – 4 weeks – Foundations of brain, spinal cord and nervous system established – Primitive heart established and begins to beat after 4 weeks – Limbs and muscles begin to show 5 – 12 weeks – Head, mouth, liver established – Brain begins to control muscles and organs – By week 8 it is called a foetus – By week 12 the foetus moves its hands, has finger prints, makes facial expressions, sleeps

 Weeks ◦ Development of:  Muscles  Eyelids  finger & toe nails  sex organs  Sweat glands ◦ Skin changes from transparent to opaque

 By week 28 the foetus can exhale, inhale and cry.  Skin begins to thicken and fat is stored underneath it  After 40 weeks, the baby is ready to be born as all organs have grown big enough to cope with the outside world.

 Trimester cut and stick

The giving birth process is called labour Labour begins when: – the baby’s head is facing down in the pelvis and is said to be ‘engaged’ – Oestrogen & progesterone levels fall and a new hormone OXYTOCIN (from pituitary gland) causes contractions of the uterine wall Labour is said to have three stages – The first stage is cervical dilation – Second stage is the actual pushing phase and the birth of the baby – Third stage is the delivery of the placenta

 The cervix widens enough to allow the baby to pass through a birth canal and out of the vagina and then out  At some stage get: ◦ “show” – reddish discharge which is the mucus plug followed by ◦ “Waters breaking” – amniotic fluid released  Cervix dilates to 10cm and then stage 2 starts

 Contractions become stronger and mother begins to push  The baby emerges head first and cries to re- oxygenate itself  The umbilical cord is cut

 Also known as the “after birth”  Contractions start again when the placenta comes away from the uterus and passes down the birth canal and out of the vagina