WECC JSIS Update Dmitry Kosterev, BPA

January 15-17, 2012 Meeting WECC JSIS met on January 15-17, 2012 in Tempe, AZ

4. Event Analysis JSIS is working with MVWG on model validation studies of July 4, 2012 under-frequency event System Frequency CO Power Next step: verify the amount of generation tripped, confirm with SRP and APS

5. Frequency Response Analysis JSIS worked with PNNL on improvements to Frequency Response tool JSIS populated Frequency Response Tool with historic events

5. Frequency Response Analysis Frequency response baseline (by date)

5. Frequency Response Analysis Frequency response baseline (by time of day)

6. Disturbance-Based Model Validation

Test A Test B

Test A Test B Reality

Using PMU Data for Model Validation Install PMUs at power plant POIs BPA developed Power Plant Model Validation (PPMV) application using PMU data Substation Record: POI bus voltage POI bus frequency Power plant MWs and MVARs Point of Interconnection V I Power Plant ~

Power Plant Model Validation What a good models looks like: Voltage and frequency are inputs Active and reactive power are “measures of success” Blue line = actual recording Red line = model

Power Plant Model Validation What a bad model looks like: Voltage and frequency are inputs Active and reactive power are “measures of success” Blue line = actual recording Red line = model

Model Validation State Plant Active Power Reactive H1(14)   H2(18) H3(16) H4(12) H5(27) T1(1)* T2(2)* T3(3) T4(1) W2 Good Acceptable Needs Review Needs Major Revisions

Experience with Disturbance-Based Model Validation Most common model issues: Power System Stabilizer models Turbine control mode of operation / governor models Generator inertia Deficiencies in model structure Other reasons for model mismatch Automatic Generation Controls “Clinical” experience: Plants with modern digital systems have good models that stay accurate over time Plants with legacy analog controls have most errors and tend to change in time

Model Calibration BPA has PMUs at POIs of 14 power plants About 40 monitoring points, 112 generators About 19 GW capacity More PMUs are to be added at wind sites PMU data is used to validate dynamic models of power plants: used for pass / fail checking no model adjustments are made should the model be wrong DOE is funding a research project by Bernie Lesieutre at University of Wisconsin to determine how the PMU data can be used for model calibration

Model (in)Validation Blue = actual Red = simulated Simulations done using a model from WECC dynamic data base Blue = actual Red = simulated

Model (in)Validation Blue = actual Red = simulated Simulations done using a model from WECC dynamic data base Blue = actual Red = simulated

Model Calibration Blue = actual Red = simulated Simulations done using a calibrated model Blue = actual Red = simulated

Model Calibration Blue = actual Red = simulated Simulations done using a calibrated model Blue = actual Red = simulated

Performance Monitoring Event 1 ✔ PSS ON PSS OFF

Performance Monitoring Event 3 ✔ PSS ON PSS OFF

Performance Monitoring Event 4 PSS ON ✔ PSS OFF

Performance Monitoring Event 7 PSS ON ✔ PSS OFF

6. Disturbance-Based Model Validation Recommendations: Use disturbance data recordings for power plant model verification Disseminate within WECC applications for model validation and calibration using PMU data

7. Oscillation Baselining PDCI probing and Chief Joseph brake tests are performed in 2012 The test will continue in 2013, starting March 20. Three brake tests will be done. Tests are useful for calibrating Mode Meter application We can work with MVWG to use the tests for model validation More baselining is planned as WECC-wide data becomes available PCC Assignment: Develop a paper on modes of power oscillations in Western Interconnection

Power System Models Power System Stabilizers Load Models Accurate Transmission Lines, Transformers Excitation Systems Generators (Machine) Turbine controls Power System Stabilizers Load Models Generator Protection Uncertain Inaccurate

2008 vs. 2012 NS Mode A Starts at midnight

2008 vs. 2012 NS Mode B Starts at midnight

8. Ringdown Damping and Oscillation Detection WECC JSIS prepared test cases using actual and simulated data: Disturbance ringdown (60 second files) Ambient data containing sustained oscillations, disturbances and bad data Developers and vendors were asked to show case their applications

Montana Tech Ringdown Ambient Oscillation Detection Script-driven general Prony tool Easy to repeat results Script-driven batch WECC Prony tool Specifically designed for WECC system modes Automates mode selection Designed to batch analyze MANY cases Writes results to XLS and DOC files Good signal conditioning Linear algorithm, sometimes have “mode splititng” Ambient Oscillation Detection Got most, not all, oscillations, got tricked by bad data

University of Wisconsin Ringdown Uses a nonlinear estimator to fit prony model Provided very good fit with a minimum model size Got good results for challenging cases when conventional linear Prony produced mode splitting. Ambient Oscillation Detection Under analysis

Washington State University Event Analysis Engine Three algorithms: Prony, Matrix Pencil and Hankel Total Least Square. Aimed at events resulting in sudden changes in damping Looks at consistency among three engines to alarm Damping Monitor Engine Ambient noise based. Continuous. Frequency Domain Decomposition Provides early warning on poorly damped modes

Other demonstrations Other demonstrations included: Alstom Grid Electric Power Group Pacific Northwest National Lab San Diego State University Presentatons and demo movies are available on WECC JSIS website

Other Items Control Room applications Data Management Phase Angle Alarming Voltage Stability Applications Linear state estimation Oscillation Detection and Low Damping Alarming Operating Procedures Application and Operating procedure Approval process Data Management

15. Oscillation Mitigation Procedures Alberta Connected 0.4-Hz Mode 0.25-Hz Mode 0.4-Hz Mode Measured during Aug. 22, 2009 PDCI probe test.

Alberta Disconnected 0.32-Hz Mode Measured during Sep 14, 2005 PDCI probe test.