Components of Health

Learning Objectives Know the definitions of Health and fitness Know the different components that make up Health Understand what these components are and how they help us in every day life and in sport. Understand the different somatotypes.

Health Fitness Muscular strength speed power cardiovascular endurance flexibility agility Balance muscular endurance coordination Body composition reaction time State of complete, physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. The ability to meet the demands of the environment.

Components of Health Muscular strength Muscular endurance Health related exercise Body Composition Flexibility Cardiovascular endurance

Definitions Cardiovascular endurance: The ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time. Muscular Strength: The amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance. Muscular endurance: The ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired Body Composition: The percentage of body weight, which is fat, muscle and bone. Flexibility: The range of movement possible at a joint

Cardiovascular Endurance Important for health because if unchecked it could lead to High Blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes and death. Exercise can help maintain cardiovascular fitness.

Questions What is the definition of cardiovascular endurance? What body organs make up the cardiovascular system? If someone has a poor cardiovascular system what illnesses could they suffer? How can you maintain a good cardiovascular system?

Muscular strength The greater the muscular strength the greater or the easier it is to lift, throw and carry heavy objects. This could be important for manual workers and for sportsmen/women. Can you think of an example of both where somebody might need muscular strength?

Muscular Endurance Athletes like Julio Baptista need their muscles to be able to continue working throughout their game/event allowing them to maintain a high quality performance. This is the same for anyone in a job that requires them to keep moving all day. Can you think of a job which requires you to be working/walking all day?

Flexibility An increase in flexibility can help prevent muscle injury it can also allow an athlete to perform better because they have the ability to stretch and reach for a ball that maybe otherwise out of reach. Good flexibility is important as it will help prevent joint and muscle injuries and maintain good muscle tone and posture in every day life.

BODY COMPOSITION/SOMATOTYPES Somatotyping is a method of classifying people by their body shape. Your body type is something you are born with because it is genetically defined. Changing your diet taking part in exercise can remove fat and increase muscle mass BUT it can’t change your height or basic bone structure.

Endomorph D is for dumpy characteristics of an endomorph are: Wide hips narrow shoulders. Large Head. Tendency to put on fat Short tapering limbs Round shape.

Mesomorph M is for muscular, characteristics of a mesomorph are Broad shoulders and narrow hips. Heavy chest Muscular body High proportion of muscle Strong arms and legs. Wedge shaped

Ectomorph T is for tall and thin, characteristics of an ectomorph are: Narrow shoulders and narrow hips. Fragile delicate body. Thin, narrow chest, abdomen and limbs Very little muscle or body fat. Thin straight rectangular shape

An extreme endomorph would be given a score 7,1,1 William Sheldon designed the system in which he categorised people according to their body shape. He then scored them out of 7 so for example An extreme endomorph would be given a score 7,1,1 An extreme mesomorph would be given a score 1,7,1 An extreme Ectomorph would be given a score 1,1,7 An average person would be given a score of 4,3,3 Mesomorph Average Person Endomorph Ectomorph

See if we can work out this persons somatotype score. Mesomorph Endomorph Ectomorph Theo Walcott Consider his body shape and the characteristics of each of the somatotypes, discuss with the person sitting next to you and give him a score out of 7 for each of the categories starting with Endomorph, then mesomorph and finally ectomorph.

Draw a table like this and add three characteristics that describe each of the somatotypes. Examples are provided Endomorph Mesomorph Ectopmorh Round in shape Muscular body 2. 3. 4. 1.Fragile and delicate frame

QUESTIONS What component of Health would help someone who has to lift and carry objects all day? What component of health would you need to be able to run a marathon? Why is good flexibility important to a tennis player? If your body shape was thin and small what somatotype would you be and what sport would best suite your body shape. Dave wants to play rugby and be part of a team but he feels his size and weight is against him. How would you direct Dave if you was his PE teacher. Name a sports person of your choice and give him/her a somatotype score and decide which somatotype s/he is most like.

Learning Objectives Know the definitions of Health and fitness Know the different components that make up Health Understand what these components are and how they help us in every day life and in sport. Understand the different somatotypes. Can we answer yes to the above