OS Installing CSCI N321 – System and Network Administration Copyright © 2000, 2012 by Scott Orr and the Trustees of Indiana University

Section Overview Hardware Inventory & Compatibility Disk Space & Partitioning Installation Media & Methods OS Installation Customization

References RedHat Fedora 15 Installation Guide RedHat Fedora Support – Documentation

Evard’s System Life Cycle New Clean Build Configure InitializeUnknown Entropy Debug Off Retire Update Rebuild

Getting started Pick OS, vendor, & version Installation media Read vendor documentation HW Drivers? Directly Supported? Downloadable?

Hardware Inventory CPU/Motherboard/Memory Hard Drive(s) & Partitions Keyboard/Mouse CD/DVD Graphics Card/Monitor Sound Networking

Gathering the Hardware Info PC vendor documentation Peripheral documentation WinXP, or Win7 if installed Record all information in Wiki

Hardware Info – Windows 7 System Properties General Tab Device manager Disk Usage - Disk Manager Partitions Free Space Network Settings – TCP/IP Properties Address/Subnet Mask Gateway DNS Configuration

Dr. Hardware Sysinfo Tool

Fedora 16 Requirements Text Mode CPU: 200MHz Pentium-class+ Memory: 768 MB Graphics (X Windows) Mode CPU: 400MHz Pentium Pro Memory  Minimum: 768MB  Recommended: 1152MB+

Disk Repartitioning Destructive – fdisk/gparted Non-destructive Split a larger partition into 2 or more smaller ones Must defragment the partition first ntfsresize Commercial tools ALWAYS back data up first!!!

Fedora Installation Sources Live CD DVD Minimal CD Boot USB Boot Rescue Boot Network NFS Image FTP HTTP PXE

Installation from Media Language Selection Keyboard/Mouse Partitioning Boot Loader Configuraion Network Configuration Root Account Creation Image copied from CD

Disk Partitioning Create partitions on available drives Lists existing partitions/filesystem types Partition information Mount point Linux device Requested/actual space Filesystem type Need native and swap partitions

Minimum Partition Sizes Directory Min. Size / 250MB /boot 250MB /usr 250MB /tmp 50MB /var* 384MB /home 100MB * Will need more in order to patch the system the first time

Linux Drive Names Floppy Disk - /dev/fd0 CDROM Drive - /dev/cdrom Hard Drives - /dev/hd XY X – drive number (a-d) Y – Partition number (1-9) Example: /dev/hda5 (drive a, partition 5) SCSI/USB Devices - /dev/sdXY

Swap Partitions Extends the amount of RAM installed Classic UNIX Rule of Thumb Swap partition should be twice the size of RAM installed Can get by with much less under Linux

Fedora Swap Requirements RAM Min. Swap Size >= 4GB2 GB 4GB – 16GB4 GB 16GB – 64GB8 GB 64GB – 256GB16 GB 256GB – 512GB32 GB

GRUB Boot loader GRand Unified Bootloader Installed on the primary hard drive Provides a menu to boot installed Operating Systems Can modify for special boot modes Password protection

Root Account Superuser (Administrator in Windows) System Administration account Unlimited access to everything Should use only when needed Principle of Least Privilege

Post Media Installation License agreement Firewall – Enable only what you need SELinux – More on this later Date/Time Manual Time Server User account Creation

Installation Testing Boot Messages Display Devices found List services started Watch for any error messages Login Prompt

System Patches Fix bugs discovered after version release Notification Vendor lists Security Announcements (i.e. CERT) Automated systems Fedora & RedHat: yum Microsoft: Windows Update

Shutting Down Do not just turn off!!! Control-Alt-Delete Command Line shutdown –h [-P] halt reboot

Dual-Boot Installations Installation of more than 1 OS on system OS chosen at boot time (e.g.: Grub) Space Allocation Planning Virtualization VMWare Virtual PC Xen/UML Application level (wine)

VMWare Server/Workstation Source: VMWare, Inc.

VMWare ESX Source: VMWare, Inc.

Large Deployments Automated OS Installation Minimizes Mistakes & Non-uniformity Examples: RedHat KickStart, Windows AIK Partially Automated Each station requires minor tweaking Cloning Images based on Golden Machine Example: Ghost Checklists!!! Templates

Large Scale Patching/Updating Fully Automated? Gradual Rollout One Some Many Document process