Israel and Palestine Twins in the Sand Israel is the size of New Jersey, Delaware and New York City combined Israel Wars 1948 – Israeli Independence War - attacked by 5 nations (Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon) – WIN 1956 – Suez Crisis (Egypt) – WIN (military) DRAW (politically) - Six-Day War (Syria, Jordan, Egypt) – WIN 1973 – Yom Kippur War (Egypt, Syria) – WIN 1982 – Lebanon War (Lebanon) – WIN (seek to expel PLO operating in Beirut) 1991 – Gulf War (Iraq) – WIN (90 Scuds launched at Israel) 2006 – Hezbollah War (Lebanon) – Ceasefire (DRAW)

An Ancient Struggle Remember David and Goliath, Jews vs. Philistines??? Through time, Israelites forced from their adopted homeland Oppressed wherever they go The Holy Land (Canaan) promised to the Israelites Abraham "On that day, God made a covenant with Abraham, saying: "To your descendants I have given this land, from the river of Egypt as far as the great river the Euphrates. The land of the Kenites, Kenizites, Kadmonites; the Chitties, Perizites, Refaim; the Emorites, Canaanites, Gigashites and Yevusites." (Genesis 15:18-21) Moses 40 years in desert Joshua leads Israeli army to conquer the land from the pagan tribes Nephilim Philisitines come in at the same time (Palestine) – believed to have been from the Greek isles Under Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and (briefly) Sassanian rule, Jewish presence in the region dwindled because of mass expulsions. In particular, the failure of the Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE resulted in a large-scale expulsion of Jews. It was during this time that the Romans gave the name Syria Palaestina to the geographic area, in an attempt to erase Jewish ties to the land.[18] Nevertheless, the Jewish presence in Palestine remained constant. The main Jewish population shifted from the Judea region to the Galilee. The Mishnah and Jerusalem Talmud, two of Judaism's most important religious texts, were composed in the region during this period. The land was conquered from the Byzantine Empire in 638 CE during the initial Muslim conquests. The Hebrew niqqud was invented in Tiberias during this time. The area was ruled by the Omayyads, then by the Abbasids, Crusaders, the Kharezmians and Mongols, before becoming part of the empire of the Mamluks (1260–1516) and the Ottoman Empire in 1517.

Old Jerusalem Temple Mount (Jewish) – Temple of Solomon to hold the Ark of the Covenant (destroyed by Babylonians); Rebuilt 2nd Temple destroyed by Romans (wailing wall one of the last remaining remnants of 2nd temple) Dome of the Rock (Muslim) – sight where Muhammed ascended to heaven, also believed to be stone where Abraham almost sacrificed Isaac Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Christian) – site of Christ’s crucifixion and burial

Why Were Jews Despised??? Killing of Jesus Scapegoat group for any problem TINY minority group can’t defend self Money Lending with interest…

Russians Take to the Streets… Fast Forward 2000 Years Balfour Declaration 1917, Britain calls for Jewish homeland next to Palestinian one Jews have had hard time in Europe Russian Pogroms, Catholic Inquisition, Lutheran oppression Even Martin Luther wrote a treatise On the Jews and their Lies Russians Take to the Streets…

Zionism With promise, Jews leave for Palestine Palestine 98% Arab – Palestinians TICKED OFF!!! Rise in Arab Nationalism as Ottoman Empire breaks apart…

Hitler’s Impact German conditions accelerate Zionism Arab anger on the rise… England backs off Balfour Declaration to cool off Arab anger Sets Jewish Quotas Hitler’s Impact

THE HOLOCAUST

Sympathy for the Jews = ISRAEL UN divides Palestine into two states, 1948 Jerusalem “capital” Tel Aviv (Capital) IMMEDIATELY Arabs invade new Israeli state After World War II, the conflict between the Arab and Jewish population of the British mandate of Palestine became a major international issue. The United Nations, the United States, and the Soviet Union were determined to initiate a two-state solution. The UN mandated partition was put into effect in 1948, but was rejected by the Palestinians and many Arab states.[ Israel declared its independence on May 14, 1948. Almost immediately, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Transjordan, and Iraq declared war on the nascent nation. By the conclusion of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Israel had greatly expanded its borders, and signed ceasefire agreements with all its Arab neighbors.[3] A significant exodus of Palestinians from Israel[4] occurred during this time, coupled with an even greater Jewish exodus from Arab lands.[5] These changes in demographics helped lay the long-term groundwork for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, since it drastically increased the size of the Jewish population of Israel, and created a problem of Palestinian refugees

Israeli Victory? US-supported Israelis devastate the combined Arab forces!!! Gain land. Arabs vow never to recognize Israel Many Arabs now living under Israeli authority

Suez Crisis - 1956 WAR - Britain, France and Israel vs. Egypt Seizes Suez Canal for Egyptian government (seeks to destroy Israeli economy) Military loss for Egypt, but political victory (Nasser becomes Arab hero) In the summer of 1955 Egypt began using fedayeen to conduct a proxy war against Israel. These units—often trained and equipped by Egypt—would infiltrate across what was then the Israeli-Egyptian border at Gaza, and conduct guerilla raids against Israeli targets (mostly civilian in nature). These raids contributed to Egyptian-Israeli tensions during this time.[16] US stops British (threatens to destroy British economy) and French from attacking Egypt over worries that Egyptian ally (Soviets) will be drawn in Sinai made a UN demilitarized zone. UN made the canal neutral.

1967 - The Six Day War Israeli pre-emptive strikes Egypt, backed by USSR, takes up Arab leadership against Israel… Blockades ports Preparing War Israeli pre-emptive strikes In summer, 1955 Egypt began using ‘’fedayeen’’ to conduct a war of proxy against Israel. These units—often trained and equipped by Egypt—would infiltrate across what was then the Israeli-Egyptian border at Gaza, and conduct guerilla raids against Israeli targets (mostly civilian in nature).[8] After the Six-Day War, Israel conquered the West Bank from Jordan and the Gaza Strip from Egypt.

Results of War Israel Triples Size Gain Sinai, West Bank, Golan Heights Takes Jerusalem Another million Palestinians live in Israeli state Palestine Gone

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries A New Arab Strategy Frustrated by another pan-Arab loss in 1973, Arabs switch focus… USA now the enemy as supplier of Israel Create OPEC and cut oil to US Oil Crisis in US Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

US Brokers Deal Camp David Accords Feeling oil pinch, Carter invites Menachim Begin and Anwar Sadat to Camp David. Sinai returned to Egypt for recognition of Israel US Brokers Deal Camp David Accords

The Price of Peace Sadat killed by Egyptian Radicals

A New War – An Insurgency Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) created to fight for a free Palestine and to remove Israeli state Led by Yasir Arafat Also secret leader of Al-Fatah, terror group desiring to overthrow Israel

The First Intifada 1987 Civilian popular uprisings against Israel Rock throwing to bombings…

Bus Bombing in Israel

Hope in the ’90’s… The Oslo Accords Israel gives some autonomy to the West Bank and Gaza Strip in return for PLO recognition of Israel’s right to exist Since the Oslo Accords, finalized in 1993, the government of Israel and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) have been officially committed to an eventual two-state solution. However, there are many major issues which remained unresolved between the two parties.

The Arafat Dilemma Oslo Accords not accepted by Palestinian terrorist groups (led by Hamas) Arafat’s own support in question Receiving Nobel Peace Prize – Arafat, Simon Peres, Yitzak Rabin

A New Intifada - 2000 Palestinians, even for independent state, won’t concede on: Right of Return Settlements Peace on Hold New Intifada Even when new Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak basically agrees to give Arafat everything he is asking for in 2000, Arafat refuses and offers no counterproposal. Bill Clinton is shocked. Bush declares Arafat “an obstacle to peace” and will not deal with him.

2001 – Roadmap For Peace 2000 intifada and 9/11 convince West to try to solve this… Roadmap for Peace calls for two states Trying to work out sticky issues

2004 - Arafat Died

2006 - A Split in the Movement Mahmoud Abbas leader of PLO – willing to work with Israel Vehemently anti-Israel and according to many anti-Semitic,[6] its charter states: "There is no solution for the Palestinian question except through Jihad."[7] Hamas – elected group bent on eliminating Israel