The Ford Years: The Pardon of Nixon: - The Pardon of Nixon: President Ford granted former President Nixon a full pardon of offenses - the pardon was meant to end the “nightmare” of the Watergate Scandal - many Americans were upset at Nixon receiving a pardon - Oil Crisis: - Oil Crisis: part of an overall economic crisis in America in the mid – 70’s - OPEC began an embargo to nations that support Israel - OPEC also raised the price of oil dramatically – oil shortage and price increase had a dramatic effect on the overall economy of the US in the 1970’s

- Hostile Congress: -Ford battled a Democratic Congress intent on pushing its own agenda - during his 2 years as President, Ford vetoed more than 50 pieces of legislation - Cold War Diplomacy: - Helsinki Accords – a series of agreements that promised greater cooperation between the nations of Eastern and Western Europe - Southeast Asia: - US would not support South Vietnam leading to it surrendering to North Vietnam in Cambodia – communist government seized US ship US responded with military force – losing 41 soldiers in the process – public did not support

The Carter Years: Energy Crisis: - pushed for US to cut their consumption of oil and gas - proposed many energy conservation plans 1. National Energy Act – helped cut US dependence on foreign oil - major fuel shortage sent US economy into tail spin – OPEC also announced price hike - inflation rose to highest rate since 1947

- Advancing Human Rights - strived for foreign policy committed to human rights - if a country did not treat people right the US would not work with them - Civil Rights - Carter’s administration included more African Americans and women than any before it - Supreme Court ruled against affirmative action in Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke - Panama Canal - US decided to hand over ownership of the Panama Canal to Panama on December 31, 1999

- Camp David Accords: - Carter invited the leaders of Israel and Egypt to his private retreat in Maryland, known as Camp David – for high level peace talks - Israel agreed to give back land to Egypt – Egypt agreed to recognize Israel’s right to exist - Egypt became 1 st Arab nation to recognize Israel other Arab nations were not happy - Soviet invasion of Afghanistan - Carter protested the invasion by boycotting the Summer Olympics in 1980 and putting an embargo on grain to the Soviet Union

- Iran Hostage Crisis - For years, the US had supported a leader in Iran known as the Shah of Iran but when he was forced to leave, the new government led by Ayatollah Khomeini distrusted the US - the new religious government, encouraged students to take over the US Embassy there - they held 52 Americans hostage for 444 days – they were released the day Carter left office

Task: Read Chapter 32 Section 3 in the textbook and complete page 126 in the workbook Definitions/Key Terms: Camp David Accords