Chapter 26 “New Deal” "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people." FDR

Launching  Brain Trust  Corporate greed, Republican mismanagement and failed purchasing power  Relief- direct relief to people (unemployment)  Recovery- of the economy  Reform-legislation to change US

 Emergency Banking Act-federal assistance to banks  Glass-steagall banking act- restricted speculation by banks and created FDIC  Unemployment- CWA, CCC, TVA  Industrial Recovery-NIRA to PWA and NRA (struck down in Schecter Poultry v. US exceeded Federal power)  Should Federal power have right to regulate commerce? Did executive branch take over legislative?

 AAA- store surplus –rise in prices  Benefits distributed only to landowners, land for tenants usually cut out  Voided by supreme court-replaced by SC and DAA act  Broke despair, never achieved economic recovery

2 nd New Deal  Democrats increased their majorities in Congress.  progress failed to keep pace with public expectations.  Huey Long, Charles Coughlin, and Dr. Francis Townsend  push Roosevelt farther to the left in  greater regulation  long-term relief  The Social Security Act institutionalized a welfare state with a social insurance program for the aged, infirm, and dependent children.  The National Labor Relations Act gave a powerful boost to organized labor. Legislation also strengthened federal control over the private sector.  Roosevelt's 1936 reelection was built on a powerful coalition of the traditionally Democratic South, big city ethnics, and labor, and it reflected the wide impact of the New Deal on the American people.

Impact  Changed lives of all Americans (REA)  Irrigation  Electricity  Boulder dam completed

Limitations  African Americans  Marian Anderson-Af.Am. Singer  Mary Bethune-Black Cabinet, National Youth Admin.  FDR refused to sign anti-lynching laws- fear of southern dem votes  Discrimination in New Deal programs  Race riots  Loose jobs to whites  Lower wages  Segregation  Closed entirely to blacks  To fix- quota system

Indian Rights  1924 Native Americans given full citizenship  Strengthened land claims  Govt. could not take lands that were set aside for Native Americans  Power to manage internal affairs  revolving credit program for tribal land purchases, for educational assistance, and for aiding tribal organization.  Diversion between tribal groups- good for functioning communal tribes bad if valued individualism, suspicion of govt. programs

Women  New deal agencies build female force- social workers, teachers etc.  Frances Perkins- Labor Secretary for FDR  Eleanor Roosevelt  Campaign for Roosevelt  Focus on aiding and protecting women not necessarily on employing them.

Rise of Organized Labor  AFL bound to skilled labor and organized on craft or skill- form CIO- unskilled labor  Labor unions increase numbers  Industry wide- mass production (Autos, rubber, electrical workers)  Sit –down GM  Memorial Day Massacre- Republican Steel Plant, 1937 Chicago  Clash with police 10 workers killed

End of New Deal  ended in 1936  Court-packing bill angered the public and bolstered a conservative coalition of Republicans and rural Democrats.  FDR's effort to balance the budget in 1937 led to a deep recession, and his vindictive attempt to unseat opponents failed What did the New Deal do?  created mechanisms to compensate for future swings in the economy  modernized the presidency  established a limited welfare state  added new groups into the fold of democracy through "broker" politics  transformed the Democratic party into a dominant force in American politics.