Religion in South Asia Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Zoroastrians, Christians, Judaism…
COMPARISON: Hinduism & Islam HINDUISM Polytheistic Many sacred texts Closely tied to caste Cattle are sacred No formal organization/hierar chy No founder ISLAM Monotheistic Koran is ultimate authority Egalitarian (all = in eyes of Allah) Cattle are food! Strictly organized regarding worship & leadership Muhammed = founder & key prophet
Religious geography of S. Asia Hinduism: dominates India Islam: dominates Pakistan & Bangladesh (15% of India’s pop.- nw Kashmir & Ganges Valley) Buddhism: Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal Sikhs: Indian state of Punjab
SIKHISM…beliefs Combines elements of Hinduism & Islam; It is monotheistic Believes in reincarnation Self-denial is NOT required – but you should avoid worldly temptations & sins Preaches racial, religious & gender equality
SIKHISM…politically Originated in Punjab, India (60% Sikh) near India/Pakistan border in a time of religious conflict; Orthodox Muslims rejected Sikhism Periodic bouts of persecution led Sikh’s to develop a militant characteristic; Many Sikh men work as soldiers or bodyguards.
JAINISM… origins & beliefs Emerged in N. India in protest of orthodox Hinduism Stresses nonviolence; Jains are forbidden to kill any living creatures (extreme practices) Agriculture is forbidden Many make their livelihood through trade (one of India’s wealthiest communities)
OTHER RELIGIONS IN S. ASIA… PARSIS or ZOROASTRIANS… ancient religion that originated in Iran; focuses on struggle between good & evil; CHRISTIANITY…greatest in number of all the minority religions in the region; JUDAISM…today only several hundred make up the region’s Jewish population