Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Incorporating Sustainable Development Objectives into ICT Enabled Land Administration Systems Expert Group Meeting November 2005 Geomatics The University of Melbourne Australia’s International Science Linkages Program Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Research Report Jude Wallace

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Even the most basic comparison of LAS performance indicates how the streamlined systems do better. We are using

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Research was a journey principally to identify a National Vision for LAS in Australia, and show our European visitors the Australian achievements in web based solutions. Simple ideas met – technology issues institutional issues historical issues The story is organised because of our partners and their contributions, particularly Professor Stig Enemark. I am still changing my ideas and keeping a wide open horizon. Professors Ian Williamson and the researchers at the Centre are the key to success of this project. It has been a joint intellectual and administrative exercise.

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Starting point To build an explanation of how modern land markets work? What makes some countries run successful markets? Half the story : De Soto The Mystery of Capital– We passport land: we give it an identity. PS, we do not passport “land”, but abstract “rights” in land. Other half of the story: We also need - Cognitive capacity Trust and confidence in government Mutually reasonable arrangements in public and private sectors

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne We needed first to explain modern land markets build wealth out of land.

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne INVENTIVENESS PRODUCES COMPLEX COMMODITIES

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne The World Bank, Doing Business in 2005, Removing Obstacles to Growth, figure page 39, figure 3.7.

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Table 5.8, page 39

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne wealth acceleration tools used in developed land markets Corporatisation - ability of business to separate risk from capital, debt from equity – for protection of creditors Securitisation - ability to convert balance sheet asset into liquid funds and create another layer of commodities Separation - ability to separate ownership and management, benefit entitlement from capital input, layers of interests in same land or resources The systems used to build these capacities mix private and public sectors. The LAS is the essential foundation of their success. The more streamlined the LAS, the better the wealth acceleration capacity of the complex property market.

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Market issues in land administration are familiar territory. But we are claiming land administration delivers ‘triple bottom line’ sustainability economic social environmental

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Graphic Nathaneal Scott, Tim Colbatch, The Age, 4 July 05. Housing ‘bubble’ doubled household wealth between 1998 and Predictions for market correction are common in “ABN AMRO's research found that almost two- thirds of Australian household wealth is now in housing, with a market value of $3.2 trillion - almost six times households' annual income. Over the past 45 years, the value of housing has, on average, been just three-and-a-half times household income, and for much of that period interest rates were as low as now or lower. While 64 per cent of Australian households' wealth was in real estate, just 6 per cent was in ownership of shares, the bank said. Another 18 per cent was in superannuation, 8 per cent in cash or bank deposits, and 3 per cent in cars and other durables.” SOCIAL VALUES

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Environmental sustainability? How do LAS deliver sustainability?

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne The Land Management Paradigm (Enemark and others 2005)

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Data Model (UML) (Entity-Relationship-Diagram) Data Description Language INTERLIS (system independent) TRANSFER Data_Catalogue; MODEL Basic_Data_Set DOMAIN LKoord = COORD ; HKoord = COORD ; Height = DIM ; Precision = [ ]; Reliability = (yes, no); LetterOrientation = GRADS ; Status = (planned, valid); TOPIC Control_Points = END Control_Points; TOPIC Land_Cover = END Land_Cover; TOPIC Ownership = DOMAIN Monumentation = (border_stone, plastic_peg, cross, not_monumented); OwnershipType = (parcel, distinct_right, construction_right, water_source_ right); TABLE LimitPoint = OSKey: OPTIONAL -> OwnershipMaintenance; Identifier: OPTIONAL TEXT*12; Geometry: LKoord; PositionPrecision: Precision; PositionReliability: Reliability; Origin: OPTIONAL TEXT*30; SymbolOrientation: OPTIONAL LetterOrientation; !! Default: 0.0 IDENT Geometry; END LimitPoint; END Ownership. END Basic_Data_Set. Technical Elements 8 Information Layers (Possibility to realise the layers separately) Control points Land cover Single objects Heights Local names Ownership Pipelines >5bar Administrative subdivisions With this method of data modelling, the use and exchange of AV93 data is independent from the used GIS or software system. Standardized data modelling and cadastral data definition (introduced in 1993)

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Registration Valuation Development Building control Land Tax Utility management Land market support Restrictions Source focused LAS Basic spatial information Land administration activities ….the rest Parcels Properties Buildings Values Zones/uses Addresses

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Registration Valuation Development Building control Land Tax Utility management Land market support Restrictions Spatially enabling government Basic spatial information Spatial administration activities ….the rest Parcels Properties Buildings Values Zones/uses. Addresses - People/time/place/activity/interest

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Registration Valuation Development Building control Land Tax Utility management Land market support Restriction s SPATIALLY ENABLING GOVERNMENT Basic spatial information Land administration activities ….the rest Parcels Properties Buildings Values Zones/uses. Addresses - People times places activities interests Digital definition of “WHERE” is now possible EMERGING LAND ACCOUNTING ENGINE Accounting system goes into our Land Management Paradigm Mesh blocks – 60 parcels Analytical geo- coded spaces Properties and their geo-coded addresses - GNAF

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Relative land information Socio/legal constructs, aspatial, abstract, dispersed, volatile, invisible, but visualisable Modern governments create new kinds of information about land Traditional land information Stable, objective, scientifically proveable, observable

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Evaluation and monitoring

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne UNEP Global Reporting Principles, Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, 2002

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne GRI Indicators: Environmental: an organisation’s impact on living and non-living natural systems including eco-systems, land air and water Social: an organisation’s impact on social systems in which it operates How many LAS organisations can sign off on these indicators?

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

Expert Group Meeting 2005 Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne Questions? Anyone????