Timeline of American Literature English 11. Native American (?-1600) HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Creation stories to explain nature Ritualistic (healing, initiation,

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Presentation transcript:

Timeline of American Literature English 11

Native American (?-1600) HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Creation stories to explain nature Ritualistic (healing, initiation, planting & harvesting, purification & hunting) GENRE/STYLE: Communicated orally, not in writing Myths, legends, chants EXAMPLES: “How the World was Made” (Cheyenne) “Origin Legend” (Navajo)

Age of Faith ( ) HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Puritans & Pilgrims Separated from the Anglican church of England Religion dominates writing & lives Work ethic: hard work & simple living GENRE/STYLE: Sermons, diaries, letters, personal narratives, slave memoirs Instructive, plain style, documentation MAJOR WRITERS: Anne Bradstreet (1 st published American poet), “To My Dear & Loving Husband” Jonathan Edwards (Minister), “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Age of Reason ( ) HISTORICAL CONTEXT: American Revolution; growth of patriotism Democracy as a value/character Reason replacing faith GENRE/STYLE: Political pamphlets, essays, almanacs, travel writing, speeches, documents Instructive writing in highly ornate language EXAMPLES: Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography & Poor Richard’s Almanac Thomas Jefferson, “Declaration of Independence” Thomas Paine, “The American Crisis”

Romanticism ( ) HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Expansion of book, magazine & newspaper publishing Industrial Revolution Abolitionist movement GENRE/STYLE: Short stories, novels, poetry Imagination over reason, intuition over fact; focused on the fantastic part of human experience & human feeling Writing interpreted both on surface & in depth Gothic literature (supernatural, characters both good & evil, dark & depressed settings) EXAMPLES: Washington Irving, “Legend of Sleepy Hollow,” “Rip van Winkle” Nathanial Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, “Young Goodman Brown” Edgar Allen Poe, “The Raven,” “Fall of the House of Usher”

Transcendentalism ( ) Fit these notes under the “Romanticism” heading: Transcendentalism: Stressed the individual, intuition, nature, being self-reliant EXAMPLES: Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Nature” Henry David Thoreau, Walden

REALISM ( ) HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Civil War brings demand for realistic writing People defined by “class” Darwin’s influence: survival of the fittest GENRE/STYLE: Realism: focus on lives of ordinary people Naturalism: the universe is unpredictable, free will an illusion Novels, short stories Focus on social problems EXAMPLES: Frederick Douglass, escaped slave, My Autobiography Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Jack London, Call of the Wild, “To Build a Fire”

MODERNISM ( ) HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Overwhelming changes in technology WAR and mass destruction Rise of youth culture GENRE/STYLE: Stream of consciousness, interior monologue, other unique experimental styles EXAMPLES: John Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby

CONTEMPORARY (1945-present) HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Media-saturated culture Post WW2 prosperity Social protest New millennium GENRE/STYLE: Mix of fantasy & non-fiction Anti-heroes Women/ethnic writers Graphic novels, experimental styles EXAMPLES: J.D. Salinger, Catcher in the Rye Maya Angelou, “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried