YOU HAVE TO KNOW WHEN THE LIGHT BULB IS REALLY ON! DID YOU GET THAT? WHAT’S THE ANSWER? The one doing all the work [talking], is the one doing all the learning! Wong & Wong monologue, complete outline, notes, solutions FALSE

FIND THE FALSE LIGHT BULB ! HOW TO GET STUDENTS TO THINK AND REALLY LEARN M.E. McWilliams, AARC 2012

I was once you! I was desperate! I was tired! I just wanted some answers! But even when I got them, I was still flunking the test! What was up? THE TESTS ASKED THINKING QUESTIONS—ANALYZE THIS, EVALUATE THAT! I HAD TO START REALLY LEARNING! 1980

REALLY UNDERSTANDING MATTERS! Poof! TUTOR: I am not asking you so many questions because I don’t know or I am a jerk trying to embarrass you. I am trying to be sure you are ready for the test because I won’t be there to help you! Where’s the cafeteria? Where do YOU think it is... ?

THE METHOD ASK THINKING QUESTION TAKE TIME TO THINK INDEPENDENT, HIGHER- ORDER THINKING

Bloom’s Taxonomy START WITH RECALL QUESTIONS Explain that part back and I’ll see what I’ve forgotten. What is the next step? Fill in the blanks. Identify these parts. Define these terms. Explain the assignment.

CRITICAL THINKING= 45% CAN’T From a study of 2,300 sophomores from 24 different schools (Arum, 2011) Bloom’s Taxonomy The GOAL of college! BUILD TO THINKING QUESTIONS Can you give an example? Can you give a counter- example? Why... ? What if... ? How can you apply your text to your notes? How does chapter 1 relate to chapter 2? Was that a good thing or a bad thing?

WAIT 7 SECONDS Pythagoras said it was the perfect number!  7 days of the week  7 wonders of the world  7 deadly sins  7 seas  7 days to create the world There isn’t anything magical about this number. It is a random number for counting inside your head to be sure you allow enough time for a student to think first for himself. Let’s take some time to think about that. [Tutor silence]

STRUGGLING? ENCOURAGE WRESTLING Only by WRESTLING with the conditions of the problem at first hand, seeking and finding his own way out, does he [the student] think. Dewey, 1916, p  Talk it out.  The right answer usually doesn’t come right away.  Learning is a struggle!

STUCK? GIVE PROMPTS AND HINTS You are the coach—guiding, encouraging, cheering, gently correcting. Help them talk their way toward the right answer.  Let’s look at your notes.  Let’s look at your book.  What was it the professor said today?  Talk about it out loud.  Tell me more.

WRONG ANSWER? MAKE THEM THINK ABOUT THEIR THINKING The development of effective study skills depends crucially on the learner being able to assess what they know and do not know [metacognition]. National Center for Education DON’T SAY:  No. Not that.  Anybody else?  No, it’s... Ask the questions that help the client to see that the answer is faulty. Do it in a way that makes the client feel awesome about discovering that he is wrong! That is as important as celebrating being right!

RECITATION? MAKE THEM STATE IT IN THEIR OWN WORDS Four-year old Viv entertained her parents’ party guests who all happened to be mathematicians by reciting the formula for the area of a triangle: “Area equals one-half base times height, Papa!” Everyone thought little Viv was very smart! Was she?  Good! But now explain that in your own words, just like you were talking to a friend.

ASK YOU A QUESTION? RESPOND WITH A QUESTION! Socratic Dialogue is replying to questions with questions to help one find the truth [answer] or at least the wrongness of a previously thought truth [answer].  What is the answer to #7?  How is that problem like #6?  What is a Rogerian argument?  Have you ever had an argument with someone and made some concessions? Give an example.

A TIME TO BE A SAGE ON THE STAGE TUTOR SUPERSTAR! As much as we want you to interact and involve the client in activities and dialogue, there will be frequent times when you must stand and deliver. But you are ever mindful that your “performance” is always followed by FINDING THE FALSE LIGHT BULB.

THE METHOD ASK THINKING QUESTION TAKE TIME TO THINK INDEPENDENT, HIGHER- ORDER THINKING

YOU HAVE TO KNOW WHEN THE LIGHT BULB IS REALLY ON!