ARCH 0351 / AWAS 0800 Introduction to the Ancient Near East Department of Egyptology and Ancient Western Asian Studies Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology.

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ARCH 0351 / AWAS 0800 Introduction to the Ancient Near East Department of Egyptology and Ancient Western Asian Studies Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World Brown University ~ Fall 2009

Door to the Oriental Institute at Chicago, established in 1919 by James Henry Breasted "as a laboratory for the study of the rise and development of ancient civilization".

The torch of civilization Tympanum over the entrance to the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago

Ankara: the contemporary ancient past An Early Bronze age ritual standard, Alacahoyuk, Turkey Hittite biscuits

Possessing the ancient past (contemporary colonialisms) in the Middle East

Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad

Where is Babylon?

Three Babylons Babylon, Ishtar Gate 6 th c. BC Babylon, archaeological site, military base 21 th c. AD Babylon, Tower of Babel 16 th c. AD Pieter Brueghel, the Elder ( )

Seven Wonders of the World (or... the medieval European imagination of antiquity) Hanging Gardens of Babylon idea of paradeisos: exotic royal garden in the ancient Near East?

Babylon: modern imaginations Alejandro González Iñárritu (dir) Situationist Utopian city “New Babylon” by Dutch artist Constant Nieuwenhuys

Babylonian map of the world (“mappa mundi”) on clay tablet Early-mid 1 st millennium BC. Probably from Borsippa, Southern Iraq. Now in British Museum.

Creatures of Marduk beyond the marrutu (river-ocean) the anzû-bird, the scorpion-man (girtablullû), sea-serpent (mušhuššu), gazelle (armu, sabītu), zebu, water-buffalo (apsasû), panther (nimru), bull-man (kusarikku), lion (nēšu), wolf (barbaru), red-deer (lulīmu), hyena (būsu), male/female monkey (pagû/pagītu), ibex (turāhu), ostrich (lurmu), cat (šurānu), chameleon (hurbabillu). The “known world” and its fictitious mytho-poetic margins.

Babylon = Babili = TIN.TIR KI Image of the city in Babylonian “topographical texts” “Babylon, the bond of heaven and the underworld, Babylon, the city of festivals, rejoicing and dancing, Babylon, the city whose people continually celebrate festivals, Babylon, the sacred city, Babylon, which is granted full measure of wisdom, Babylon, which recites a spell for all creation, Babylon, house of reason and counsel”

Uruk Ur Nippur Hattusha Karkamish Kalhu Nineveh Babylon Persepolis Jerusalem Medes Chaldeans Assyria Urartu Phrygia Lydia Pheonicians

Three Babylons: three spectacles, three sites of historical representation Babylon: Ishtar Gate 6 th c. BC Neo-Babylonian kingdom Babylon: archaeological site, military base 21 th c. AD Babylon: Tower of Babel 16 th c. AD Pieter Brueghel, the Elder ( ) urban spectacle mytho-poetic imagination political conflict Sedimentation of history: the making of a powerful place

Babylon transported: many babylons Where is Babylon?