PURE MESOPATAMIA= PURE POWER

 The Sumerians were located in southern Mesopotamia  Major city Suman  Currently this area is the country of Iraq  Iraq was ruled by dictatorship until the USA came in and ended that rule and now the country is recovering from war and still is in war with the USA

 Major city-states  Kish (Tell al-Uhaimer)  Uruk Uruk  Ur (al-Mukayyar)  Sippar  Akshak  Larak  Nippur  Adab  Umma  Lagash (Tello)  Bad-Tabira  Larsa

 4000 Sumerians arrive in Mesopotamia  3800 Sumerians supplant Ubaidians in Mesopotamia and start cities  2800 Kish, the dominant city, challenged by Lagash; Semites dominate Kish  2700 Sumerian King, Gilgamesh, rules the city of Uruk  2340 Sargon (a Sumerian in the city of Kish) overthrows the Sumerian king of Nippur; Sargon's new kingdom is called Akkad; Sargon extends his kingdom to Syria

 2320 Sargon conquers Sumer  2230 Akkadian dynasty ends  2150 Nomadic Gutians overruns Akkadians and Sumer, but Sumer revives  2130 Sumer regains independence from Akkadian rule  2000 Hittites migrate to Asia Minor  1950 Elamites from Zagros attack Sumer and overrun the Syrian Amorites; Amorites go to Babylon to create colonies with Ashur as center of a kingdom that will be called Assyria

 1753 Ammorite King Hammurabi conquers all of Sumer; Hammurabi rules to 1750; His empire lasts until 1600, when the Kassites conquer most of Mesopotamia  1800 Kassites defeat the Babylonians  1593 Hittites sack Babylon and end Hammurabi's dynasty  1365 Ashur the Great, King of Assyria marries his daughter to a Babylonian  1300 The Assyrians control all of Mesopotamia  1200 Hittites' capital Hattusas is wiped out (plague); Phrygians move in  1050 Cosmopolitan area, with tolerance for diverse ethnicity  1000 Assyrian Empire.

 Polytheistic- belief in many gods  Temple priests washed gods statues before and after every meal is offered  They believed if you angered the gods they would punish  But you would be rewarded by the gods if you served them well

 The ziggurats were the site for religious activities  Ziggurat- a temple made of terraces, linked by stair cases  Sumerians believed that the Gods descended to Earth using the ziggurat as a stairway

 Sumerians believed in the afterlife  So they buried their dead with their possessions because they would be able to use them in the afterlife

 Ruler of Akkadia who conquered Sumer around 2300 B.C.  He united the Sumerian city-states, improved Sumer’s economy, and its military  It stayed this way for 100 years until dissolving back into its city-states.  It lost its major power and fell to northern rival, Babylonia in the 1700 B.C.

 The Sumerians were a polytheistic civilization that believed in honoring their gods or be punished by them  They were more successful with the city- states formed together as one instead of all on their own fighting against each other for power.  The reason the fell to Babylonia is because they could not form a army to work together while they were city-states

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