Matter and Energy Glencoe Chapter 9-2: Pages

I. Kinetic Molecular Theory A. Main Points 1. All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles 2. The particles are always in motion  higher temperature = faster motion 3. At the same temperature, more massive particles move slower than less massive particles

B. States of Matter (4 common) 1. Solid a. Definite volume b. Definite shape c. Rigid structure d. Particles have almost NO freedom to move e. Held together by strong attractive forces

B. States of Matter (4 common) 2. Liquid a. Definite volume b. NO definite shape  Takes shape of container c. Particles not tightly packed and have freedom to move d. Particles slightly attracted to each other

B. States of Matter (4 common) 2. Liquid (continued) e. Have the ability to spread out on their own  Fluid f. Viscosity- the resistance of a fluid to flow 1. Thicker = More viscous = flows slower 2. Thinner = Less viscous = flows faster 3. Determined by attraction between particles

B. States of Matter (4 common) 3. Gas a. No definite volume b. No definite shape  expands to fill container / available space c. Particles move rapidly and freely d. Exerts pressure by hitting the walls of container

B. States of Matter (4 common) 4. Plasma- highly charged, fast moving particles - a super heated ionized gas

C. Energy- the ability to change or move matter 1. Change of state requires energy transfer (environment  matter) a. Melting(solid to liquid) \ b. Evaporation (liquid to gas) } energy c. Sublimation (solid to gas) / absorbed (put in)

C. Energy- the ability to change or move matter d. Freezing (liquid to solid)\ energy e. Condensation (gas to liquid) / released (let go)

2. Energy absorbed  molecules move faster and break away 3. Energy released  molecules move slower and stick together C. Energy- the ability to change or move matter

D. Conservation of mass 1. Changing state does not change the composition or the mass of the substance 2. Law of conservation of mass  Mass cannot be created or destroyed, but the matter can only change form 3. Law of conservation of energy  Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but the energy can only change form

Conservation laws