Cells and Heredity Chapter 1 “The Cell”

Bell Work Write a paragraph about how you are going to improve your grade for 4th quarter. What will you do differently, what will you do the same?

Bell Work 3/21/11 1. When you get sick which blood cells are under attack in your body? 2. Write 3 sentences about things that you do to get better when you are sick

Bell Work What is happening in Frank’s body to help him get better? (write a complete paragraph)

Bell Work Why do doctors prescribe antibiotics? Why is it important for children to get certain vaccinations before they can start kindergarten?

Bell Work Please use complete sentences. Is a cactus alive? Is a seed alive? Is the air we breathe alive? Explain what you think it means for something to be alive.

Cells 1.1 Vocab Organism (p.9) – Any individual form of life that is capable of growing and reproducing. Unicellular (p.11) – An organism that is made up of a single cell. Multicellular (p.11) – An organism that is made up of many (more than one) cells. Microscope (p.12) – An instrument that makes an object appear larger than it is. Bacteria (p.14) – A large group of one-celled organisms that sometimes cause disease.

Homework Make a list of at least 5 living things and 5 non-living things that you find in your house. List how you know that each item is living or non-living

Class Assignment Read pages 9-15 with your partner. Write down 3 things that you learned from the reading in the notes section of your journal.

Bell Work Why do you think the invention of the microscope was important? (pg 12) What do scientists mean when they say that life comes from life? (pg 13)

Characteristics of Life Organization The ability to develop and grow The ability to respond to the environment The ability to reproduce

The Cell All living things are made of cells. The cell is the smallest unit of a living thing. The cell is the basic unit of function in an organism. What activities that plants and animals do are carried out by cells?

The Cell Theory Every living thing is made of one or more cells. Cells carry out the functions needed to support life. Cells come only from other living cells.

Both Multicellular Unicellular

Bell Work Fill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer) ____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that the theory of spontaneous generation was wrong. When an organism is made up of only one cell, it is called a(n) _____ organism. Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the bark of an oak tree. An individual living thing that carries out the activities of life is called a(n) _____ The smallest unit that is able to perform the basic activities of life is a(n) ______. A frog is a(n) _____ organism.

Vocab 1.2 Cell membrane (p.20) – a protective covering enclosing an entire cell. A layer that controls what enters or leaves the cell. Cell wall (p.21) – Only plant cells have these. A tough outer covering that lies outside the cell membrane.

Mitochondria– Organelles that release energy by using oxygen to break down sugars.

Nucleus – “Brain of the cell” contains the genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and function.

Lysosome – Holds enzymes and digests things such as food

Ribosome – use information to build proteins

Cytoplasm (p.20) – A thick, gelatin-like material contained within the cell membrane. Holds the organelles in place

Vacuole – holds water, waste, and other materials.

Golgi Apparatus – finishes processing materials made by the endoplasmic reticulum

Chloroplast (p.23) – An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar.

Endoplasmic Reticulum – contains ribosomes, makes proteins, and begins transporting materials

Explain the characteristics that confirm that an Oak Tree is living. Bell Work Explain the characteristics that confirm that an Oak Tree is living.

Bell Work Please write complete sentences. What is the role of the cell membrane? Give 3 examples of multicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic cell (p.20) – a cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane. (most multicellular organisms) Organelle (p.20) – A structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function. Prokaryotic cell (p.20) – A cell without a nucleus and without organelles. Genetic material is in the cytoplasm. (most unicellular organisms)

Bell Work – list three structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells. Tell why each is not necessary in animal cells

Bell Work Draw a plant cell and label the following Cell wall Cell membrane Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Nucleus

Bell Work A cell with no nucleus A cell with a cell wall and a nucleus Match the definition to the correct term. Please write the term and the definition on your bell work sheet. A cell with no nucleus A cell with a cell wall and a nucleus A device for viewing microorganisms eukaryotic prokaryotic microscope telescope plant cell

What does a microscope do? Bell Work What does a microscope do? Give 3 ways that scientists use microscopes.

Bell Work Pg 37 #1-5

Section 1.3 Notes

The genetic material is in the nucleus Eukaryotic Cell The genetic material is in the nucleus

Prokaryotic cell No organelles. The genetic material is in the cytoplasm.

Organisms are classified by their cell type Most of the organisms alive on Earth today are made of single cells 3 domains for living things that are based on characteristics of their cells. Archea – organisms that can live in extreme environments Bacteria – can also live in extreme environments and can multiply quickly Eukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungi

Prokaryotes unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cells Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no organelles Structure is simple Have a tough cell wall that protects the organism Eukaryotes Cells with a nucleus Includes almost all multi-cellular organisms Also includes unicellular organisms called protists Cells are complex in structure and larger than the cells of prokaryotes

Both Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Cells in multicellular organisms specialize Specialization – Specific cells that perform specific functions. Different types of cells have different jobs Example – most animals have blood cells, nerve cells, and muscle cells Example – plants have cells that function in photosynthesis, cells that draw water from soil, and cells that function to support the plant’s weight.

Tissue – group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and support for a human Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and support for a plant Organ – a structure in an organism that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function. Ex. Eye – allows sight Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy and materials

5 levels of organization Name Animal Example Plant Example 1 2 3 4 5

Bell Work 8/26/10 Good Morning – Please do not touch any of the lab equipment! While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) Bell work question – Complete the Venn diagram from your notes yesterday. On your bell work sheet write “in notes” for today

Bell Work 8/26/10 While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) Bell work question – List the five levels of organization and give an example for each for a monkey

Bell Work 4/5/11 Bell work question (answer in at least 2 complete sentences) – How is a model similar to the real object it represents? How is it different? (see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)

1. Cell membrane 2. Mitochondria 3. Nucleus 4. Chloroplast Bell Work 4/6/11 List the function of each of the following 1. Cell membrane 2. Mitochondria 3. Nucleus 4. Chloroplast

Bell Work 4/7/11 write the sentences and fill in the blanks The smallest unit that can perform the basic activities of life is _______ Van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first people to see live cells by using a ______ A plant cell organelle that uses energy from sunlight to make sugar is called a ________ Almost all multicellular organisms on Earth belong to the domain ________