Jeremy Cram 1, Christian Torgersen 2, Ryan Klett 1, George Pess 3, Andrew Dittman 3, Darran May 3 1. University of Washington, School of Forest Resources,

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Presentation transcript:

Jeremy Cram 1, Christian Torgersen 2, Ryan Klett 1, George Pess 3, Andrew Dittman 3, Darran May 3 1. University of Washington, School of Forest Resources, Seattle, WA USA 2. U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, Seattle, WA USA 3. NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA

Distance upstream (km) Density (carcasses/km) Easton Clark Flat

 How do habitat conditions compare among acclimation areas?  If a fish spawns away from its acclimation area, is it due to habitat differences?

Clark Flat Jack Creek Easton Roza Dam

 Channel type (1,2,3)  Unit type ( PO,GP,GR, RI )  Channel width  Depth  Substrate  Cover  Wood  Fish abundance  GIS derived factors 125 m 97 km Yakima 31 km Teanaway 11 km Cle Elum 20 km side channel Summary flow Extensive survey September 2007

 Surveys conducted by Yakama Nation and NOAA Fisheries  GPS location  Origin (CWT)  Gender  Age class  Length 125 m flow 2007 Redds Carcass and redd surveys (2004 – 2008)

Pools Vegetative cover Tributary effects Gravel Multiple channels Distance upstream (km – Yakima River) Density (% or length/km)

2007 Redds

Narrow and shallow Deep and wide Upstream Downstream Easton Clark Flat Jack Creek PC1 (22 %) PC2 (19 %) Teanaway Cle Elum Yakima

 Environmental conditions vary throughout the system  Keefer et al. (2008) showed that spring Chinook “wander” before spawning

CCA1 (10 %) CCA2 (5 %)

Easton Clark Flat Jack Creek Wild

Discharge (CFS) Easton Teanaway

Wild Hatchery Year Number of river spawners

 Habitat conditions differ near hatchery acclimation facilities  Gravel, multiple channels, cover, and depth are positively associated with spawning site selection  Existing and future acclimation sites may be more effective if habitat conditions receive more attention

 Logistics and GIS: Darran May, Hiroo Imaki, Ethan Welty, John Vaccaro, Patricia Haggerty, NetMap  Fieldwork: Tanya Cram, James Chu, Ethan Welty  Housing and support: Everyone at the Cle Elum supplementation and research facility  Funding: NOAA BiOP, The Water Center  Photography: Ethan Welty  Aerial photos: NAIP – Allyson Jason

 Hatcheries are controversial and expensive  Each adult fish costs $14 - $530 (WA Ecology 2002)  Create jobs and fishing opportunity  Genetic and ecological risks to wild fish  Integrated practices rely on habitat, which may be fully utilized by wild fish

Distance upstream (km) Density (carcasses/km) Female carcasses 2007 Hatchery Wild Clark Flat Easton Hatchery Cle Elum River Teanaway River

Clark Flat Easton Hatchery Cle Elum River Teanaway River Density (redds/km) Distance upstream (km) Redds 2007

 Capable of precise navigation at multiple spatial scales  Open ocean to freshwater  Within freshwater system  Site of incubation  Homing confers an evolutionary advantage, just as migration does  Allows for local adaptation  Improves likelihood of successful reproduction  Evident in many species – mountain whitefish, northern pikeminnow, largescale suckers

 Evolutionary mechanism to avoid disturbance  Mt. St. Helens  Flooding  Colonize newly accessible habitats  Glacier Bay, AK  Upper Cedar River, WA  Find better spawning habitat?

Easton Clark Flat